The invention of the MP3 format in 1993 revolutionized music consumption, leading to the creation of Napster, a file-sharing network that allowed users to access a vast music library for free. Although Napster was shut down due to legal challenges, it paved the way for modern music streaming services like Spotify and changed the music industry forever.

ROOT is a high-performance software for data analysis and visualization, used in scientific research, with over 1 exabyte of data stored in ROOT files. It's open-source, written in C++, and integrates with Python, offering a unique binding and a web-based canvas for interactive visualization.

A small group of about 2,000 "supersharers" on social media were responsible for spreading 80% of fake news content from sites like Infowars and Gatewaypundit during the 2020 US presidential election. These supersharers were mostly older women, and limiting their retweets could significantly reduce the spread of misinformation.

The fast inverse square root algorithm, used in Quake 3, computes an inverse square root by manipulating the raw bits of a float and exploiting identities and algebra to achieve a good approximation. The algorithm is a clever combination of mathematical observations, hardware constraints, and root-finding techniques, making it a remarkable example of engineering.

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AboutK is a fast, fun, universal database and language that is 100 times faster than other databases like Polars, Datatable, BigQuery, Redshift, Databricks, and Snowflake. It can handle large datasets and complex queries, making it ideal for applications like hedge funds, banks, manufacturers, and Formula 1 teams.

Einstein and Gödel would take daily walks together, discussing politics, philosophy, and physics, consuming 30% of Einstein's workday. Gödel remained humble about his fame, unlike Einstein, who was widely recognized.

WWVB, a radio station, broadcasts the current time on a 60 kHz frequency, which is received by radio clocks in the US to set their time accurately. This innovative solution, set up by the government, uses solid technology to broadcast the time, solving the problem of clock synchronization.

The author discusses two patterns in how people approach building games with Lisp, which they call "icing" (embedding Lisp into a non-Lisp program) and "cake" (implementing as much of the software stack as possible in Lisp). The author argues that both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and that the "cake" approach can lead to more powerful and flexible software development.

Chinese internet content from the 2000s has largely disappeared, with searches for prominent figures like Jack Ma and Lei Jun yielding few or no results. The Chinese Communist Party's control over history and public opinion is suspected to be a major factor in the loss of content, with many websites and platforms having vanished or been shut down.

Hugging Face's Spaces platform experienced unauthorized access, potentially exposing some secrets, and has taken remediation steps including revoking tokens and improving security measures. The company is investigating the incident, working with cybersecurity specialists, and strengthening its infrastructure to prevent future incidents.

Large language models (LLMs) were initially trained on the internet, but recent advancements in custom training data and synthetic data have led to significant improvements in model performance. As the use of custom data and human-generated training data increases, LLMs are expected to exceed "internet simulation" and excel in tasks that aren't represented on the internet.

NGINX Unit is a lightweight, versatile application runtime that provides essential components for web applications. It's highly efficient, fully configurable, and has a latest version of 1.32.1 released on Mar 26, 2024.

Windows 11's Recall feature stores screenshots and text data in a SQLite database, posing significant security and privacy risks as malware can target this valuable information. This feature, intended for a small subset of users, can be exploited by malware, putting the majority of Windows users at risk.

Paddler is an open-source load balancer and reverse proxy designed for optimizing llama.cpp servers, maintaining a stateful load balancer aware of each server's available slots for efficient request distribution. It also supports dynamic addition/removal of servers and integrates with autoscaling tools like AWS Auto Scaling.

Our data-centric way of seeing the world isn't serving us well. Barath Raghavan and Bruce Schneier argue that we need new socio-technical systems that leave room for the inherent messiness of reality.

Frances, a 107-year-old leader, led the Girl Scouts, increasing minority membership and adding badges for math and science. She remained CEO for 13 years, earning a Presidential Medal of Freedom and inspiring others with her humility and kindness.

Live Nation Entertainment, the parent company of Ticketmaster, has confirmed a data breach in a filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, stating that unauthorized activity was discovered in a third-party cloud database on May 20, 2024. The breach exposed company data, primarily from Ticketmaster, and the company is working to mitigate the risk and notify affected users and ...

Researchers found that acute insulin resistance impairs neuronal function, but administering ketones rescued synaptic activity and improved neuronal communication. This research has implications for developing ketone-based therapies for conditions like diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.

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Snapshot Isolation (SI) is not suitable for general-purpose concurrency control due to its limitations in handling complex data structures and invariants, making it unsuitable for many applications. SI's all-or-nothing approach can lead to inconsistent results, and its inability to provide zero-restart concurrency controls makes it impractical for scalable and parallelizable systems.

Hackers known as ShinyHunters claim to have stolen personal details of 560 million Ticketmaster customers, including names, addresses, and partial credit card details, and are demanding a $500,000 ransom. Live Nation, Ticketmaster's owner, has confirmed unauthorized activity on its database and is investigating the breach.

The pattern for distributing Postgres databases to multiple regions or clouds involves placing per-tenant data tables in the region closest to the users and using Postgres Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) and partitioning to create a global view of the data. This approach allows for lower latencies, data residency laws compliance, and reduced blast radius of events like region outages.

Andrew created a website, Andrew's Selkouutiset Archive, to access and practice Finnish language with daily news articles. The website uses a simple, static design with Git repos and cronjobs, making it easy to maintain and update.

The paper investigates the claim that GPT-4 achieved a 90th percentile performance on the Uniform Bar Examination (UBE) and finds that the claim is likely overinflated. The paper also examines the validity of the scaled score achieved by GPT-4 and finds that the score may not accurately reflect the model's performance on the exam.

The statement "X is slow because it's doing a lot of work" is often unhelpful as it relies on intuition rather than analysis. To identify the cause of slowness, it's essential to profile the code, consider alternative implementations, and optimize for hardware capabilities.

Choosing a backend stack can be overwhelming due to numerous options and complexities. Backend-as-a-Service products offer a fast solution, but may generate poor code, and coding with AI assistance can be a better alternative.

Jim Breen, a 66-year-old scientific glassblower, has been working at the University of California, Berkeley's College of Chemistry for 18 years, creating custom glass apparatus for researchers in various fields. Despite the decline of the trade, Breen remains dedicated to his work, enjoying the human interaction and problem-solving aspects of his job.

Hermann Grassmann was a German mathematician who made significant contributions to the field of linear algebra, developing the concept of exterior algebra and the wedge product, which is still widely used today. Despite his groundbreaking work, Grassmann struggled to gain recognition during his lifetime, and it wasn't until many years after his death that his ideas gained widespread acceptance.

The post discusses the concept of "Mixed-State Presentation" (MSP) in Computational Mechanics, which is a framework for understanding how neural networks, such as transformers, learn to predict the next token in a sequence. The authors show that transformers trained on data generated by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) exhibit a linear structure in their residual stream that corresponds to the ...

California's utilities regulator adopted new rules for community solar projects, but clean energy advocates warn that the move will undercut efforts to expand solar power options for low-income customers. The new rules reduce future compensation for solar providers and residents, which may discourage new community solar projects and limit access to clean energy for low-income ratepayers.

Linux is a viable alternative to mainstream operating systems like macOS and Windows, offering more control over computing and avoiding AI integrations. With user-friendly distributions like Ubuntu, Linux provides a robust and private environment, making it an attractive option for those concerned about AI's environmental impact, privacy, and ethical issues.

You received a text message from your father with pictures and dad jokes, and then enabled the "Summarize Messages" feature in Android Auto. The feature provided a detailed summary of unknown names and plans, leaving you concerned about Google accessing your SMS history.

The "Upside-Down Air Force" is a secretive testing project that measures the emissions and effectiveness of aircraft antennae systems by bolting planes to pedestals and testing them on the ground. The project, established in the 1970s, has been crucial for the US Air Force, saving time and money compared to traditional flight testing.

A marketing executive shares their experience of witnessing the decline of employee loyalty due to companies breaking their social contract, citing the discontinuation of pension programs and the shift in values among younger generations. The author argues that companies can still foster loyalty by understanding what drives employees, such as pursuing passions, and offering benefits that ...

The author created an annoying social-media reel for comic #1548 and has an Instagram account that they plan to post to soon. The author's most active community is on Facebook, despite disliking the platform, where they have a page with great engagement from readers.

Boeing's largest factory in Everett, Washington is in "panic mode" as managers pressure staff to keep quiet about quality concerns, with many faulty 787 jets needing repairs. The company is under scrutiny after a cabin panel blowout in January, with regulators launching investigations and experts criticizing Boeing's safety culture and corporate governance.

Mabel Gray lost her spoons in 1637 and consulted a wizard, incurring a costly and lengthy journey. Cunning Folk: Life in the Era of Practical Magic explores the everyday magical help offered by "service magicians" in late medieval and early modern Europe.

The author, a maintainer of Void Linux, argues that despite its issues, GNU autotools got some things right, such as standardized build conventions and support for staged installation. The author praises autoconf's check-based configuration, cross-compilation support, and debug logging, which are often lacking in custom-made build systems.

Valve has banned over 20,000 gamers in Russia and Belarus for using VPNs to bypass regional restrictions on Steam games. The bans are a result of Valve cracking down on players who use VPNs to access restricted games, including Helldivers 2.

Chrome Auto Image Blocker is a Chrome extension that blocks or allows images on webpages based on a customizable schedule. It reduces distractions and speeds up page load times, with manual toggling options and issue reporting on GitHub.

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Sleep is essential for physical and mental health, with most adults needing 7-9 hours of sleep each night. However, many Americans, particularly those in low-income and rural areas, struggle with chronic sleep deprivation due to economic stress, poor health, and lack of access to healthcare.

Citizen scientists count horseshoe crabs in NYC's Jamaica Bay to monitor their population and ensure sustainable harvesting. The annual census helps set thresholds for crab harvesting and supports conservation efforts.

Alan Kay argues that the design of the web browser should have been more like an operating system, allowing for greater programmability and flexibility, rather than a simple data viewer. He cites the example of the NeWS window system, which was designed to be more flexible and programmable, but ultimately failed in the marketplace due to various technical and marketing factors.

Routers are vulnerable to cyber attacks if poorly configured, allowing threat actors to steal personal info, access login credentials, and hijack devices. To secure your router, change default passwords, turn on WPA, disable SSID broadcast and WPS, keep firmware up to date, and implement other security measures.

Apple quietly updated the M2 iPad Air's tech specs to reflect a 9-core GPU instead of the originally touted 10-core GPU. The change is unusual and has sparked curiosity, with some speculating that Apple may have used a binned version of the 10-core GPU in the iPad Air.

In 1961, the threat of nuclear war led to a brief but intense market for fallout shelters, with companies like Wonder Building Corporation marketing their products as a means of survival. However, the industry's popularity was short-lived, and the government eventually shifted its focus to community shelters, leaving many individuals who had invested in private shelters feeling disappointed ...

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Little Lisp is a JavaScript interpreter that supports function invocation, lambdas, lets, ifs, numbers, strings, and lists, and is designed to demonstrate how easy it is to write an interpreter. The interpreter uses a tokenize function to break down the input code into tokens, and then uses a parenthesize function to create a nested array that mimics the structure of the Lisp code.

The concept of androids, or human-like machines, has a long history dating back to the 18th century, when inventors like Jacques Vaucanson and Wolfgang von Kempelen attempted to create machines that could mimic human speech and movement. Despite the challenges and limitations of these early attempts, the idea of androids has continued to fascinate and inspire people to this day.

Boeing's Starliner spacecraft's first crewed flight with astronauts on board was called off just minutes before launch due to an unspecified reason. The company has backup launch dates scheduled, including Sunday, and the astronauts on board are safe and will disembark.

Fisker Inc., an electric vehicle startup, is on the brink of bankruptcy after delivering only a few thousand Ocean SUVs, with employees blaming the company's leadership, including CEO Henrik Fisker and his wife Geeta Gupta-Fisker, for the company's failures. The company's problems include a lack of processes and procedures, inadequate customer service, and a flawed Ocean SUV with mechanical ...

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption in 2022 released massive amounts of water vapor into the stratosphere, affecting the climate and causing an unusually large ozone hole and a wet summer in 2024. The eruption's impact on global temperatures was small, but it influenced regional weather patterns, with predictions of colder and wetter winters in northern Australia and warmer ...

Researchers studied 16,000 startups and found that up to half of investments were predictably bad, costing over $900 million. Over-reliance on founders' backgrounds may be a reason for these poor investments.

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RISC-V International is working to educate lawmakers on the distinction between open source and open standard, as the US considers sanctions on the open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) amid trade tensions with China. The RISC-V community argues that sanctions would be unenforceable and harmful, as the ISA is an open standard that can be used by anyone, including China, and that ...

Canadian politicians, including Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, avoid discussing the need for lower housing prices to achieve affordability, instead focusing on increasing housing supply. The reality is that housing prices must decrease or at least rise slower than inflation to achieve affordability, which is unlikely to happen soon.

Researchers often analyze observational studies in many different ways, which can lead to varying results, and a new approach called specification curve analysis can help identify the most accurate findings. This method involves analyzing a dataset in thousands of ways to account for different analytic choices, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between variables.

Colleen Hoover, a bestselling author, is struggling with writer's block and the pressure of her global fame, which has been fueled by her success on social media platform TikTok. Despite her success, Hoover is feeling overwhelmed and uncertain about her future as an author, and is grappling with the challenges of maintaining her creative output while dealing with the negative criticism and ...

The development of prosthetic eyes has been a long and complex journey, with various materials and techniques used over the centuries, from glassblowing to 3D printing. Today, ocularists like Lindsay Pronk use a combination of traditional techniques and modern materials to create custom prosthetic eyes that are both realistic and comfortable.

Sony Pictures CEO Tony Vinciquerra emphasized the company's focus on adopting AI technology to streamline film production, citing potential efficiency gains. However, the use of AI in Hollywood is a contentious issue, with labor unions seeking protections against job displacement amid concerns over AI's impact on crew members and talent.

The Webster Apartments, a women's boarding house in Manhattan, was sold after over a century of operation. The author reflects on her own experience living at the Webster and the history of women's residences in New York City.

The user needed to process data from a Google Sheet in a Go program and found that using a service account was the most straightforward approach, requiring a new service account, adding a new key, and providing the key file with the -keyfile flag. The user also mentioned an alternative approach using OAuth 2.0, which requires setup in the GCP console and passing the credentials file with the ...

Donald E. Knuth (), Professor Emeritus of The Art of Computer Programming at Stanford University, welcomes you to his home page.

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The author reflects on their experience with blogging platforms, realizing that their choices of tools and hosting solutions led to unnecessary complexity and time-consuming maintenance. They decide to start anew, building a minimalist static blog using a generator and a Git-based Platform-as-a-Service, seeking a more liberating and empowering creative experience.

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Netscape's SSL implementation had serious flaws that made it easy for an eavesdropper to decode encrypted communications, and the company's failure to release detailed information about its algorithm led to a successful attack on the browser's encryption scheme. The attack, which was carried out by Ian and David, demonstrated the importance of generating cryptographically strong random ...

The concept of prehistory emerged in the 19th century as a way to study human existence before written records, but it has been criticized for being based on Western cultural biases and neglecting oral traditions. The distinction between history and prehistory has been questioned, and new approaches are needed to understand the past, including considering the materiality of artifacts and the ...

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Explore resources, tutorials, API docs, and dynamic examples to get the most out of OpenAI's developer platform.

The story of longitude explores how humans evolved to navigate complex landscapes, from Sir Clowdisley Shovell's tragic mistake to John Harrison's innovative clocks that solved the longitude problem.

Lulu Hunt Peters, a doctor of medicine, popularized the concept of calorie counting in the early 20th century, promoting a diet book that became a bestseller and launched a weight loss movement. However, the emphasis on calorie counting has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex relationship between food, metabolism, and weight loss, and has been linked to the rise of obesity and ...

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Shodan Monitor provides real-time notifications of unexpected network connections and offers an API for developers. It also offers browser plugins for website security checks and a help center for FAQs and guides.

Semaglutide, a diabetes and obesity drug, has been found to improve taste sensitivity in women, particularly to sweetness, in a preliminary study. This increased sensitivity may help reduce the desire for excessively sweet and high-calorie foods, potentially contributing to weight loss.

Roku is experimenting with a new technology to display ads over top of any device connected to a TV via HDMI, including cable boxes and game consoles. The system would detect paused content and display a relevant ad, allowing Roku to increase ad revenue and capitalize on the shift towards ad-supported streaming tiers.

Rule 30 is a cellular automaton that demonstrates complexity from simple rules, chaos, and randomness, and is computationally irreducible. The goal is to generate the first 32 lines of cellular automata rule 30 in ASCII using a specific formula to determine the next cell's value based on adjacent cells.

AIUI.me is a tool that converts design screenshots into clean, usable code in seconds, saving developers time and effort. It helps launch projects swiftly, streamlines workflow, and maximizes productivity, making it a super handy tool for busy developers.

Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa canceled his planned moon flight due to uncertainty about SpaceX's Starship mega-rocket project. The project, which aimed to be the first private flight around the moon, was canceled due to the rocket's developmental issues and lack of clear launch schedule.

In modern cities, strangers often interact briefly and anonymously in public spaces, following a norm of "civil inattention" to avoid sustained interactions. In contrast, pre-modern societies may have had a different mode of interaction, characterized by prolonged eye contact and heightened attention, as seen in the example of medieval Europe.

The user learned to write computer programs in IBM/LCSI PC Logo in 1992 and fondly remembers the simplicity and charm of programming with turtle graphics. The experience had a lasting impact on the user, inspiring a passion for software engineering, code sharing, and open source development.

Randall Collins' book "Interaction Ritual Chains" presents a theory of social action based on rituals and the emotions they amplify, arguing that rituals are omnipresent in human life and shape our motivations, values, and beliefs. The theory suggests that rituals are the primary source of emotional energy and that they shape our individual and collective identities, with implications for ...

TikTok influencer Glay promoted "The Shadow Work Journal" and earned over $150,000 in commissions, quitting his job to start his own business. The book's creator, Keila Shaheen, is a 25-year-old writer from Texas who self-published the book in 2021 and became known as the "self-help queen of TikTok".

Greg Kessler and Lauren Jarvis grow rare and uncommon peppers from around the world at Springs Fireplace, selling hot sauce, salsa, and dried pepper flakes online. They use a labor-intensive process to grow the peppers, including saving seeds from previous harvests and controlling greenhouse temperatures to mimic the peppers' original climates.

College enrollment has declined, with Republican high school students showing the largest decrease in interest. The author argues that the growing ideological homogeneity and activism on campus, as well as Fox News coverage, have contributed to this decline.