We can now fix McDonald's ice cream machines

https://valkyrie.cdn.ifixit.com/media/2020/10/19094648/oneplus_nord_tools.jpg
The US Copyright Office granted an exemption allowing repair of commercial food preparation equipment, including McDonald's ice cream machines, without copyright law issues. However, the ruling doesn't allow sharing or selling tools to bypass digital locks, limiting repair access for many small businesses.

Before you buy a domain name, first check to see if it's haunted

https://www.bryanbraun.com/assets/images/old-music-box-fun.png
A domain name can be considered "haunted" if its past gives it a poor reputation among search engines, affecting its ability to rank in search results. To check if a domain is haunted, look for suspiciously empty history, DMCA complaints, and poor SEO data, and consider setting up a profile with search engines to report and resolve issues.

Jeff Bezos killed Washington Post endorsement of Kamala Harris

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The Washington Post will not endorse a presidential candidate this year, breaking decades of tradition, due to owner Jeff Bezos' decision. The move has sparked criticism from staff, readers, and politicians who see it as cowardice and an abdication of responsibility.

Wikipedia article blocked worldwide by Delhi high court

The Delhi High Court ordered Wikimedia to suspend access to a page, and the foundation is pursuing legal options. They remain committed to access to knowledge as a human right and will update the page when possible.

Company named "><SCRIPT SRC=HTTPS://MJT.XSS.HT> LTD" forced to change it (2020)

https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2abe5a9bee5769168843fc873d39aa2696a7cc0d/0_139_4467_2681/master/4467.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none
A company was forced to change its name after it used a name that posed a security risk due to cross-site scripting. The original name contained HTML script tags that could have loaded and executed malicious code on other websites.

Using Rust in non-Rust servers to improve performance

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/42d07146b72680714acc555bc8388138a4950d96f91fb7be04937fc4fedc1b58/pretzelhammer/rust-blog
The article discusses strategies for incrementally adding Rust to a server written in another language to improve performance, starting with rewriting a hot function in Rust and compiling it as a CLI tool, then using WebAssembly, and finally rewriting the entire server in Rust. The best approach is rewriting a native function in Rust using an off-the-shelf binding generator library, which is ...

Smartphone buyers meh on AI, care more about battery life

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A quarter of smartphone owners don't find AI features helpful and nearly half are reluctant to pay a monthly subscription fee for AI capabilities. Longer battery life is the biggest motivator for smartphone upgrades, followed by more storage and better camera features.

The brain's waste clearing lymphatic system shown in people for first time

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Researchers confirmed the existence of the glymphatic system in humans, a waste-clearing system in the brain, through a study of five volunteers undergoing surgery. The system's importance in removing toxins and its potential link to Alzheimer's disease development were highlighted in the study's findings.

In the US, regenerative farming practices require unlearning past advice

https://i0.wp.com/investigatemidwest.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/67054967c8695.webp?resize=780%2C520&ssl=1
Farmer Josh Payne transitioned his family's farm in Concordia, Missouri, to regenerative agriculture after discovering an allergy to herbicides. He now rotationally grazes sheep among 800 chestnut trees, a method that revives the soil and ecosystem.

Detecting when LLMs are uncertain

https://www.thariq.io/images/entropix/lowe-lowv.png
Entropix is a project by XJDR that aims to improve model reasoning through smarter sampling during uncertainty. It uses metrics like entropy and varentropy to determine the best sampling method.

Care Doesn't Scale

The author met a social worker who cared for four orphaned children, alternating with coworkers to provide individualized care. This experience made the author realize that care doesn't scale and that individualized attention is essential for meaningful relationships.

Plastic chemical phthalate causes DNA breakage, chromosome defects, study finds

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2024/plastic-chemical-cause.jpg
A new study found that benzyl butyl phthalate causes DNA breaks and chromosome defects in roundworm egg cells. The chemical, commonly used in plastics, can lead to lower quality egg cells with abnormal chromosomes.

Battleships Logic Puzzle

You share Battleship Logic Puzzles as a fun mindless activity. These puzzles involve hidden ships and water on a grid, using rules to solve.

A deep dive into Linux's new mseal syscall

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mseal is a new Linux kernel system call that provides memory sealing protection, preventing malicious modifications to virtual memory address ranges and stopping exploit scenarios like tampering with permissions and "hole-punching" through unmapping/remapping. mseal can be used to enhance the stack's old-school NX protection and prevent data-only exploitation techniques like the House of ...

Category Theory Illustrated: Logic (2021)

https://abuseofnotation.github.io/category-theory-illustrated/05_logic/modus_ponens_variations.svg
Logic is the science of the possible, studying the rules by which knowing one thing leads to conclude another thing is true, and it is closely related to category theory and set theory. The BHK interpretation of logic views propositions as types, implies operations as functions, and or operations as sum types, and it is similar to a definition of a programming language, with propositions ...

Smarter Than 'Ctrl+F': Linking Directly to Web Page Content

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Text fragments allow precise linking to specific text within a web page without anchors. They work by appending a special syntax to the end of a URL, which the browser interprets to highlight and scroll to the specified text.

Universal optimality of Dijkstra via beyond-worst-case heaps

https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/smileybones-infinity-large.png
This paper proves Dijkstra's algorithm is universally optimal with a new heap data structure that takes advantage of locality in operations. The heap provides a beyond-worst-case guarantee for extracting minimum elements, making it suitable for Dijkstra's algorithm.

OpenFeature – a vendor-agnostic, community-driven API for feature flagging

https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/99483952?s=280&v=4
OpenFeature is an open specification for feature flagging that works with various tools or in-house solutions. To get involved, join the Slack channel, mailing lists, and community meetings, following the CNCF Community Code of Conduct.

SELinux bypasses

SELinux is a Linux kernel security module that implements Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to enforce a given security policy, and it can be bypassed by exploiting vulnerabilities in its cache, permission computation, or denial logic. Several bypass methods have been identified, including setting SELinux to permissive mode, overwriting the AVC cache, and removing security hooks, which can be ...

Notes on the new Claude analysis JavaScript code execution tool

https://static.simonwillison.net/static/2024/analysis-uv-lock.jpg
Anthropic released "the analysis tool" for Claude.ai, allowing users to write code, execute it, and continue conversation with results. It differs from OpenAI's ChatGPT Code Interpreter by using JavaScript and executing in a browser Web Worker.

Disposable vapes to be banned in England and Wales

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/f011/live/78234a20-9212-11ef-b047-4d31578ee4d2.jpg.webp
The UK government will ban single-use disposable vapes in England and Wales from June 2025 to protect children's health and the environment. The ban aims to reduce youth vaping and prevent environmental damage caused by the disposal of these products.

Cerebras Inference now 3x faster: Llama3.1-70B breaks 2,100 tokens/s

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Cerebras Inference now runs Llama3.1 70B 184x faster than GPU based inference running Llama3.1 3B. The new release utilizes Wafer Scale Engine's peak bandwidth, compute, and IO capacity for improved performance.

OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agent

https://microsoft.github.io/OmniParser/static/images/flow_merged0.png
Researchers developed OMNIPARSER to enhance GPT-4V's ability to interact with user interfaces by parsing screenshots into structured elements. OMNIPARSER improves GPT-4V's performance on various benchmarks by accurately detecting interactable icons and understanding their semantics.

Infinite Git repos on Cloudflare workers

https://gitlip.com/images/blog/infinite-git-repos-on-cloudflare-workers/image-00.svg
Gitlip is a collaborative devtool for the AI era, simplifying state-of-the-art AI model application. It uses a Webassembly Git server on Cloudflare Workers, leveraging Durable Objects and Nix for reproducible builds.

Astronomers discover complex carbon molecules in interstellar space

https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/10/taurus_cloud_esa-642x260.jpg
Researchers at MIT discovered large molecules containing carbon in a distant interstellar cloud, showing complex organic molecules likely existed before Earth's formation. The discovery supports theories that life on Earth came from space, with complex molecules surviving harsh conditions to form the planet's carbon-based life.

U.S. Consumer Watchdog Cautions Businesses on Surveillance of Workers

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Tesla's Cybertruck is outselling almost every other EV in the US

https://i.insider.com/67184c5fa0a0cc14f2232776?width=700
Tesla's Cybertruck sales exceeded expectations with over 28,000 units sold in 2024. The vehicle's success is surprising given its divisive design and negative reviews.

Federal investigators probe Tether

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Unsafe Rust is harder than C

The user implemented a custom channel in Rust to meet their specific needs, but it required writing unsafe code to handle self-referential data structures and intrusive linked lists. They used MIRI to catch undefined behavior and eventually published their solution as a safe, intrusive list of Wakers in a crate called wakerset.

Why ghosts wear clothes or white sheets

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In Victorian Britain, people wondered why ghosts were often depicted wearing clothes, as it seemed absurd for spirits to have material form. The issue of ghost clothes raised questions about the nature of spirits and their relationship to the material world.

Debian's "secret" sauce

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Debian's development and maintenance process involves multiple repositories, including experimental, unstable, testing, and stable, with each serving a specific purpose and having its own set of rules and procedures. The distribution's focus on testing and QA helps ensure the quality of its packages, with tools like debci, autopkgtest, and Salsa CI playing a crucial role in identifying and fixing bugs.

Law Enforcement Undermines Tor

German authorities infiltrated Tor network to expose criminals, using IP catching to surveil customers of Telefónica for up to three months without legal basis. Authorities used timing analysis to deanonymize Tor users, exploiting low traffic on onion services.

Fraudsters steal 22 tonnes of high-value cheddar

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1056/cpsprodpb/6b1d/live/f1a54bd0-92e6-11ef-9e9f-f94aa162b9ae.jpg
Hundreds of award-winning cheddars worth over £300,000 were stolen from Neal's Yard Dairy in London. The company paid the producers to avoid passing costs to individual dairies.

Electro-agriculture: Revolutionizing farming for a sustainable future

Electro-agriculture (electro-ag) is a new farming method that uses renewable energy to convert CO2 into food, offering a 4-fold improvement in solar-to-food efficiency over traditional photosynthetic agriculture. This technology has the potential to reduce agricultural land usage by 88% and help combat climate change and world hunger.

Ask HN: Namecheap charged my card, didn't deliver, then upped the price

User had a bad experience with Namecheap after buying a .co domain for $31, only to be told the price was a mistake and it's actually $3900 or $8000. User feels Namecheap is responsible for facilitating a fair transaction.

Waymo closes $5.6B investment round

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Waymo closed an oversubscribed $5.6 billion investment round led by Alphabet. The funds will support expanding Waymo One ride-hailing services and advancing the Waymo Driver AI-powered autonomous driving system.

Notes on Anthropic's Computer Use Ability

https://composio.dev/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/claude-comp-use-1024x576.png
Anthropic's Sonnet 3.5 model with Computer Use feature can interact with computers like humans, but it's expensive and slow. It can perform tasks like searching the internet and creating spreadsheets, but not real-time tasks like playing games.

UnitedHealth says data of 100M stolen in Change Healthcare hack

https://www.bleepstatic.com/content/hl-images/2024/02/28/UnitedHealth_Group_UHG.jpg
UnitedHealth confirms 100 million people had their personal and healthcare data stolen in the Change Healthcare ransomware attack. The attack caused $2.45 billion in losses and exposed sensitive information including health insurance and medical records.

Florida Eases Licensing Requirements for Foreign Trained Doctors

Florida's Live Healthy initiative allows foreign-trained doctors to become licensed without US residency if they meet certain requirements. The initiative aims to increase physician availability in Florida, where the median age is high, and is part of a broader trend among states to attract foreign-trained physicians.

Amazon Says It Has a First Amendment Right to Union Bust

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Amazon argued its union-busting tactics are protected by the First Amendment, in response to an NLRB complaint. Amazon claims the NLRB's requirements would violate the First Amendment, and the agency's structure is unconstitutional.

Show HN: Trench – Open-source analytics infrastructure

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FrigadeHQ/trench/main/img/trench-cover.png
Trench is an event tracking system built on Apache Kafka and Clickhouse, providing real-time analytics and GDPR compliance. It can be self-hosted or used through a cloud quickstart guide.

Rsbuild – A Better Vite?

https://assets.rspack.dev/rspack/assets/landingpage-background-compressed.png
The Rspack-based build tool for the web

LibNSFB – Framebuffer (bitmap on screen) abstraction library, written in C

LibNSFB is a C library providing a generic abstraction for a display's visible pixel array. It supports various color depths and offers drawing and rectangle copy routines.

California Discourages Schools from Offering Advanced Middle School Math (2023)

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Some US schools are reducing or delaying access to advanced courses to reduce achievement gaps, but this policy may harm gifted students of all backgrounds. Critics argue that this approach can actually reduce opportunities for disadvantaged students.

High-resolution postmortem human brain MRI at 7 tesla

https://pulkit-khandelwal.github.io/exvivo-brain-upenn/static/3.jpg
Researchers developed an automated pipeline to parcellate ultra high-resolution brain tissue using the DKT atlas, enabling vertex-wise analysis and linking morphometry with pathology measurements. This work was supported by the National Institute of Health and acknowledges tissue donors and research staff.

Study: DNA corroborates "Well-man" tale from Norse saga

https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/norse1CROP-A-1000x1000-1729537564.jpg
Scientists have sequenced the DNA of a 940-year-old human remains found in a well in Norway, believed to be the "Well-man" from a Norse saga. The findings suggest the Well-man was a male from southern Norway with blue eyes and blond or light-brown hair, contradicting previous assumptions about his ancestry.

Show HN: Rust based AWS Lambda Logs Viewer (TUI)

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/22c68dc7117b0bb0275dbf2f8f7132a4ac834d9b2a6ebe2a3f1266b73ca1fa8a/resola-ai/rust-aws-tui
A TUI application views AWS Lambda function logs across multiple profiles and regions, with cache clearing options. The project uses the MIT License and requires permissions for lambda and logs actions.

US satellite jammer is set for delivery as flaws are fixed

https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ikJXlKDm_r8w/v2/-1x-1.webp
The US Space Force's Meadowlands system, a satellite jamming system, has overcome technical issues and is expected to be delivered next year. It's a lighter-weight, movable version of a 2020 system with updated software and jamming capabilities.

The Mindlessness of Ostensibly Thoughtful Action (1978) [pdf]

Geoffrey Hinton said machine learning would outperform radiologists by now

https://images.newrepublic.com/7c6a5ed1466dd40cf23b7650fe8d664ef8bd8ef1.jpeg?w=1200&h=630&crop=faces&fit=crop&fm=jpg
Geoffrey Hinton, the "Godfather of AI," predicted radiologists would be obsolete by 2016 but his prophecy didn't come true. Instead, AI will likely augment radiologists' work, not replace them.

Italy declares its "web tax" applicable to any digital service worldwide

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New species of tardigrade reveals secrets of radiation-resisting powers

https://media.nature.com/lw767/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03484-1/d41586-024-03484-1_27706764.jpg
Scientists discovered a new tardigrade species, Hypsibius henanensis, which has 14,701 genes, including 30% unique to tardigrades, and revealed its molecular mechanisms for radiation resistance. The study's insights could help protect astronauts, clean up nuclear pollution, and improve cancer treatment by harnessing the tardigrade's sophisticated defence system.
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Researchers discovered a mechanism linking red meat consumption to colorectal cancer, involving iron reactivating telomerase. A new treatment strategy, using a small molecule called SP2509, blocks telomerase reactivation and reduces tumor growth.

Geico repatriates work from the cloud, continues ambitious infra overhaul

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GEICO, a US insurer, is repatriating workloads from the cloud due to high costs and reliability issues. The company is rebuilding its infrastructure with a large OpenStack private cloud and Kubernetes to manage compute and storage.

How Excessive Red Meat Consumption Increases Colorectal Cancer Risk

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Scientists at A*STAR and NCCS in Singapore discovered a link between excessive red meat consumption and colorectal cancer, with iron from red meat reactivating telomerase, a key enzyme in cancer progression. A small molecule, SP2509, was found to block telomerase reactivation, offering a new treatment approach for combating colorectal cancer.

Did too many games release in Q3 of 2024?

https://howtomarketagame.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/image-2-1024x634.png
The user tracks Steam game releases and reviews to identify trends and success factors, focusing on games with over 1000 reviews across languages, excluding big IP games and those with limited cultural appeal. As of October 1, 348 total games earned 1000 reviews, with 267 being indie games without IP support, and the user estimates a 28.92% increase in game releases by the end of 2024.

How not to sort by average rating (2009)

https://www.evanmiller.org/images/average-rating/urban-dictionary.png
To sort items by rating, a simple score is not enough as it can be misleading due to varying numbers of ratings. The Wilson score confidence interval for a Bernoulli parameter provides a more accurate lower bound of positive ratings, balancing proportion and uncertainty.

The future of software is Nix

https://determinate.systems/img/posts/the-future-is-nix.png
Determinate Systems aims to make Nix adoption easier and more accessible for critical software development. The company wants to create a smooth path from "Nix could solve my problems" to "Nix is solving these problems".

Redact-a-Chat

https://redact-a-chat.com/image/light-idle.png
Redact-a-Chat is a chat platform where every word can only be used once per day.
https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/mcdonalds-ice-cream-1000x1000.jpg
The US Copyright Office granted an exemption allowing repair of retail-level food preparation equipment, including soft serve ice cream machines. This decision will "free the McFlurry" and enable businesses to better serve customers.

Fuckthis.app – Software products for exasperated people

https://justin.searls.co/shots/2024-10-25-12h23m05s-dd3a3a6.jpeg
The author is fed up with software companies prioritizing revenue over simplicity and utility, leading to poor user experiences. They plan to create their own tools to solve specific problems, with the caveat that they may never release anything.

Inserting a 0 bit in the middle of a value

A BC7 decoder is adding a 0 bit to a value in a 4x4 block. It uses a trick to shift bits left by 1 without extra operations.

Python PGP proposal poses packaging puzzles

Sigstore is a project that simplifies software signing, verification, and protection, and Python is planning to deprecate PGP signatures in favor of sigstore. However, Linux distributions are concerned about the complexity and potential security risks of sigstore, and some argue that it relies too heavily on corporate entities like Microsoft.

A Modern CSS Reset (2024 update)

https://www.joshwcomeau.com/_next/image/?url=%2Fimages%2Fcustom-css-reset%2Fcontent-box.png&w=1200&q=75
The author shares their custom CSS reset, a set of baseline styles to improve user experience and authoring experience. The reset includes rules to change box-sizing, line-height, image display, and text wrapping, among others.

Eartho: Open-Source, Privacy-Focused Alternative to Google Sign-In

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eartho-group/media/main/eartho_cover_1.png
Eartho is an open-source authentication alternative that prioritizes user privacy, offering a secure and flexible login solution. It ensures users' personal data stays protected from Big Tech tracking while developers benefit from a simple integration.

Show HN: I made a Bluesky video downloader

https://blueskyvideodownloader.org/howtoplay2-1.png
Bluesky video downloader is a web app to download videos from Bluesky to computer or mobile directly. It supports MP4 and TS formats and allows download from public accounts with fast speed.

It's not just obesity. Drugs like Ozempic will change the world

https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/content-assets/images/20241026_LDD001_FH.jpg
Researchers are developing -1 receptor agonists to treat various diseases including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. These drugs have the potential to improve the lives of over a billion people.

The mystifying, acrimonious battle between Arm and Qualcomm

https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/https%3A%2F%2Fd1e00ek4ebabms.cloudfront.net%2Fproduction%2F518290bc-7c08-45c1-a35f-9f12ecc2b52a.jpg?source=next-barrier-page
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Superlinker: A tool for reinterpreting ELF executables and shared libraries

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/0f9a28cf947c16ce2f28f39e5db23481f9b4a4804a17bb36edc79aa47074ad98/whitequark/superlinker
Superlinker is a tool that combines executables and shared libraries into larger products, allowing for self-contained distributions. It works by lifting ELF objects into an intermediate representation and lowering them back to ELF objects.

The Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ with Up to 26 Tops

https://www.raspberrypi.com/app/uploads/2021/10/cropped-Raspberry-Pi-Favicon-100x100-1-300x300.png
The Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ features a 13 TOPS model for $70 and a 26 TOPS model for $110, both with improved thermal dissipation and PCIe Gen 3.0 mode. The 26 TOPS model allows for more sophisticated neural networks and simultaneous network runs at high frame rates.

Wikipedia Put a Near Total Ban on Calling Gaza Health Ministry "Hamas-Run"

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Wikipedia editors imposed a near-total ban on using the "Hamas-run" qualifier in articles citing Gaza Health Ministry's numbers. The ban was due to a consensus that the qualifier violates Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy and is not used by most reliable sources.

Polish radio station ditches DJs, journalists for AI-generated college kids

https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/10/24/polish-ai-radio-hosts.jpg
OFF Radio Krakow, a Polish radio station, has replaced its on-air talent with AI hosts to save costs and explore AI's impact on society. The move has sparked a petition from former broadcasters, who claim it threatens the creative industry.

Copilot vs. Cursor vs. Cody vs. Supermaven vs. Aider

https://www.vincentschmalbach.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/vincent-schmalbach-shoulders-removebg-square-250.jpg
The user switched from GitHub Copilot to Cursor, citing its comprehensive features and simplicity, and plans to incorporate Aider Chat and Zed Editor. They praised Copilot's AI-powered autocomplete and criticized its later added features as feeling bolted on.

Oriental hornets can't get drunk

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Animals consume fermented fruit to get drunk, but excessive drinking harms them. Fermented fruit's effects on animals are similar to those of alcohol on humans, posing a serious risk.

No Way Down: Chemical Release at Wacker Polysilicon [video]

Hacker attack causes log-in problems for Swiss media

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A hacker attack has paralyzed the OneLog log-in platform used by over 40 Swiss media companies, making it difficult to access content and comment on articles. A solution is being worked on at full speed to restore access.

Women in tech still face a torrid time from LinkedIn lechers

https://www.crikey.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/white.jpg?quality=70&w=740&h=400&crop=1
WiseTech Global's handling of CEO Richard White's bullying and harassment allegations shows little change in the tech industry's treatment of women. Despite a growing number of women in tech, a lack of consequences for perpetrators and inadequate anti-harassment policies persist.

Microsoft CEO Nadella asked for pay reduction after security slip

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Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella received a $79.1 million pay for 2023, up from $48.5 million in 2022. He asked for a reduction in his cash incentive due to security incidents, which was approved by the board.

Visualizing the Nucleus [video]

KitOps: Only Standards-Based Packaging and Versioning Tool for AI/ML Projects

KitOps is an open-source project that streamlines collaboration and model management for AI/ML projects. It uses ModelKits and Kitfiles to package and share model components, and the Kit CLI to manage and deploy them.

Peak population may be coming sooner than we think

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A high-profile geneticist is launching Pacific Fusion

https://media.wired.com/photos/671ad7c8ebc1cb03f39ea425/master/w_2560%2Cc_limit/business_plaintext_fusion_energy_startup.jpg
Eric Lander, a geneticist and former science adviser, is now CEO of Pacific Fusion, a startup aiming to solve the climate crisis through clean fusion energy. Lander believes his team has made the necessary scientific breakthroughs and is now focused on engineering and commercialization.

Ensuring Stability and Security: Recent Timeline

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WP Engine has taken steps to protect its platform and customers from disruptions and attacks by Automattic and Matt Mullenweg. WP Engine has filed a lawsuit and taken other measures to ensure the integrity, security, and availability of its tools and services.

Tech boom forces US funds to dump shares to avoid breach of tax rules

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x86 Early Kernel Boot Process with Microcode, ACPI Overrides, and Initrd

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The early kernel boot process on x86 platforms involves handling microcode updates, ACPI table overrides, and the initrd to configure the CPU and hardware during boot. To streamline this process, developers can create cpio archives for microcode and ACPI tables, concatenate them with the initrd, and deploy the final image for use during the early boot process.