Advent of Code 2024

Eric Wastl created Advent of Code, an Advent calendar of programming puzzles for various skill levels. It's free to use, but copying or redistributing parts of it is not allowed.

Show HN: Markwhen: Markdown for Timelines

The data contains 3 events with dates ranging from 2025-01-22 to 2025-12-02. The events have different date formats and durations.

Ask HN: How can I grow as an engineer without good seniors to learn from?

You're a freelance data engineer turned tech lead at a small oil and drilling company, feeling isolated from technical learning opportunities due to limited colleagues and no rigorous cross-checking. You're trying to learn on your own through design principles and code reviews.

What will enter the public domain in 2025?

https://publicdomainreview.org/static/pdr-circles-66b0b7b42092975f0d5502ab646d9fa8.png
Works by people who died in 1954 enter public domain in countries with 70-year copyright term. New public domain works include those by people who died in 1974 in countries with 50-year copyright term.

Kubernetes on Hetzner: cutting my infra bill by 75%

https://bilbof.286948db582c1440986b378ac5efe0d6.r2.cloudflarestorage.com/jbfq7c8eav4mxym3kii7c09mrb8s6gzvlvc7?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=b908c08f37242758de72d5e6800c1a2e%2F20241201%2Fauto%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241201T155210Z&X-Amz-Expires=86400&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-cache-control=public%2C%20max-age%3D604800%2C%20immutable&response-content-type=image%2Fpng&x-id=GetObject&X-Amz-Signature=9614b5bf73b96becbbbac9aaeba7ead257846edcd097a2c590753758b1b68632
The user migrated their Kubernetes cluster from DigitalOcean to Hetzner, achieving a 75% decrease in infrastructure costs and doubling compute resources, and found Hetzner's open source controllers and low prices to be major advantages. However, the user encountered some limitations, including issues with IP blocking and high ping times between datacenters, but overall found Hetzner to be a ...

OpenWRT One Released: First Router Designed Specifically for OpenWrt

https://sfconservancy.org/static/img/conservancy-logo.png
OpenWrt One is a wireless router designed for software freedom and right to repair, priced at $89. It's unbrickable, hacker-friendly, and comes with full copyleft-compliant source code release.

How to Study Mathematics (2017)

Lawrence Neff Stout's essay discusses strategies for studying college-level mathematics, emphasizing the importance of understanding definitions, theorems, and proofs. Effective study habits include mastering definitions, relating them to each other and general problems, and developing judgment in problem-solving.

Procedural knowledge in pretraining drives reasoning in large language models

https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png
Large Language Models show general problem-solving ability but have reasoning gaps compared to humans. They use procedural knowledge from documents to reason, unlike retrieval, and synthesise it for generalisable strategies.

Jeff Dean responds to EDA industry about AlphaChip

https://abs.twimg.com/responsive-web/client-web/icon-ios.77d25eba.png
The EDA community has expressed skepticism about the AlphaChip method's effectiveness, driven by a flawed non-peer-reviewed publication by Cheng et al and Igor Markov's meta-analysis in CACM. A technical response highlights the flaws in these publications and defends the AlphaChip method's capabilities.

Gene behind orange fur in cats

Scientists have found the long-awaited gene responsible for orange fur in cats and the striking patchwork of colors in calicos and tortoiseshells. The gene, Arhgap36, is located on the X chromosome and influences hair color in a previously unknown way.

Kyawthuite is so rare it's only ever been found once

https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/kyawthuite-642x260.jpg
Kyawthuite is a rare mineral found in Myanmar, weighing 1.61 carats and valued as priceless. It was discovered in 2010 by gemologist Kyaw Thu and is the world's only known specimen.

Handwriting but not typewriting leads to widespread connectivity in brain

https://www.openread.academy/oss/openread-paper/reading_sharing.jpg
Handwriting promotes learning by creating elaborate brain connectivity patterns, crucial for memory formation and encoding new information. This suggests that children should be exposed to handwriting activities in school to establish optimal learning conditions.

Programming the C64 with Visual Studio Code

https://retrogamecoders.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/c64-vscode.jpg
To program the Commodore 64 in BASIC, Assembly, or C on Mac, Windows, and Linux, use the VS64 extension in Visual Studio Code. This extension provides syntax highlighting, tools, and integrations for C64 programming, making it easier than using CBM PRG Studio or coding directly on the C64.

Category Theory in Programming

This tutorial explores category theory's application in programming, using Racket to describe abstract concepts. It aims to enrich programmers' toolkits with new ways of thinking and problem-solving.

Map UI – Ghost in the Shell

https://i0.wp.com/ilikeinterfaces.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/00_58_2000324.png?w=618&ssl=1
Map UI (User Interface) for the film "Ghost in the Shell" Copyright Shirow Masamune / Kodansha • Bandai Visual • Manga Entertainment •

Review of "Statistics" by Freedman, Pisani, and Purves (2017)

The author discusses the importance of statistics as a tool for understanding the world, not just a set of mathematical formulas. A good introductory statistics course should focus on critical thinking and proper reasoning, rather than just technical skills.

OrioleDB beta7: Benchmarks

https://www.orioledb.com/assets/images/tpc-c-100-4b41df19ef2026f623bedcef18f1fdf4.png
OrioleDB is a PostgreSQL storage extension designed for high-performance, scalability, and efficiency. It offers improved performance and reduced maintenance needs by leveraging modern hardware capabilities.

1/0 = 0 (2018)

https://www.hillelwayne.com/post/divide-by-zero/tweet.png
A programmer argues that defining 1/0 = 0 in a programming language is mathematically sound and does not lead to contradictions, despite some people claiming it does. The programmer believes that programming languages should prioritize safety and practicality over mathematical soundness, and that defining 1/0 = 0 is a reasonable choice in this context.

Thinking in Actors – Challenging your software modelling to be simpler

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e67722e-6902-4f28-986a-533a47f0f37a_1024x1024.webp
The author discusses the limitations of traditional layered architectures and the need for a more domain-driven approach to software development, focusing on encapsulating business logic and state within domain objects. The Actor Model and Virtual Actors offer a structured approach to reasoning about state, addressing concurrency, persistence, and fault tolerance in distributed systems.

DynaSaur: Large Language Agents Beyond Predefined Actions

https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png
LLM agents face limitations in real-world scenarios due to fixed action sets, restricting planning and requiring substantial human effort. A proposed framework enables dynamic action creation and composition, offering greater flexibility and outperforming previous methods.

Star Citizen crowdfunding passes $750M

https://cdn.robertsspaceindustries.com/static/images/RSI-fb.jpg
Star Citizen is a crowd-funded game where backers can influence the game's development and receive exclusive rewards, including ships, equipment, and experiences. The game's scope and features are expanding rapidly, with new ships, systems, and gameplay mechanics being added as stretch goals are reached, including procedural generation, AI activities, and a pet system.

Francis Crick's "Central Dogma" was misunderstood

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60c6f12a-3c0a-44d7-ac67-7f5f2301a1d6_1200x800.png
Francis Crick's Central Dogma states that information flows from DNA to RNA to protein, but not the other way around. However, Crick's original hypothesis has been shown to be more nuanced, with some exceptions, but still holds that once information gets into a protein, it cannot get out again.

Fucking Tired of AI

You're concerned about the overuse of AI leading to a decline in online discussions and an increase in AI-generated content. You're worried about the impact on new programmers and internet users.

RAII and the Rust/Linux Drama

https://kristoff.it/logo.png
Rust developers are pushing for more Rust in the Linux kernel, but C developers are opposing due to differing opinions on technical work and code style. The debate centers around RAII, a feature Rust uses for memory safety, which some argue is not suitable for the Linux kernel.

Education and Healthcare Suck for the Same Reasons

https://framerusercontent.com/images/IoE9EjOX5NLyxZ3EXA61lJCLo.png
The obsession with measurable outcomes in healthcare and education has led to a focus on metrics over people, resulting in a loss of human connection and personalized care. To change this, we need to rethink our systems, prioritize human outcomes, and fund innovation through community-centered models that serve people, not profits.

Police bust pirate streaming service making €250M per month

https://www.bleepstatic.com/content/hl-images/2023/10/27/pirate-on-a-laptop.jpg
Italian police dismantled a pirate streaming service making €250M monthly, serving 22 million users worldwide. Authorities seized 2,500 illegal channels, €1.65M in cryptocurrencies, and arrested 102 individuals in 14 countries.

Heaviside’s Operator Calculus (2007)

https://deadreckonings.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/heaviside3.jpg?w=636
Oliver Heaviside developed an operational calculus that converted derivatives and integrals to operators acting on functions, simplifying the solution of ordinary and partial linear differential equations. His methods, although not rigorously proven at the time, provided correct solutions to complex electromagnetic problems and paved the way for later mathematical techniques.

The Color of Noise (2014)

https://caseymuratori.com/r/instagram_icon_a4a8fb92af3b8562.png
The author learned about blue noise from Don Mitchell, which is a type of noise pattern used in image synthesis to prevent regular sampling artifacts, and it has high frequency noise but no low frequency noise. The author improved the grass planting system in The Witness by using a directed sampling algorithm that restricts the area where new points are looked for to the neighborhood of ...

Steam Deck hits 17,000 games playable and verified

https://uploads.golmedia.net/uploads/articles/article_media/8042529861732121130gol1.jpg
Valve's Steam Deck has reached 17,000 games rated playable or verified. The number of playable games has increased significantly since January when it hit 13,000.

A Science of Concurrent Programs (final draft)

A Science of Concurrent Programs book is available in pdf from Cambridge University Press, with supporting TLA+ specifications and instructions. The pdf is for personal use only, requiring permission for commercial or other purposes.

The Sperry Rand Corporation

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32f77806-e75b-4b08-bfa5-4e5f59da2c81_930x389.jpeg
Sperry Rand was formed in 1955 through the merger of Sperry Corporation and Remington-Rand, becoming one of the largest companies in the USA. It manufactured a wide variety of goods including office equipment, aerospace equipment, and weapon systems.

IBM RISC System/6000 Family

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfff164e-8617-4d85-9af6-a5f2f5ba93de_750x1029.jpeg
IBM debuted the RISC System/6000 line in 1990 with POWER and PowerPC processors. The line included servers, workstations, and supercomputers, later replaced by eServer pSeries and discontinued in 2002.

Canon ships its first nanoprint lithography machine, rivals ASML

https://media.datacenterdynamics.com/media/images/1200nz2c-2.width-358.jpg
Canon shipped its first nanoprint lithography machine to the Texas Institute for Electronics, a low-cost alternative to ASML's technology. The machine can produce 5nm nodes and may eventually reach 2nm nodes, potentially benefiting smaller manufacturers.

The Salvadoran government has 5,940 bitcoins worth $582M

https://lanoticiasv.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-431-1.png
El precio del bitcoin alcanzó los $98,342, con un crecimiento de 4.65% en 24 horas y 7% en 7 días. La inversión institucional y la adopción individual están impulsando el precio, con expectativas de alcanzar los $100,000.

First-Hand Account of "The Undefined Behavior Question" Incident [pdf]

I was expelled from the C++ Standards Committee due to a paper title controversy over "The Undefined Behavior Question". I refused to change the title, citing moral principles and the importance of asking technical questions without fear of censorship.

UK counter-terrorism unit demands Steam withdraw controversial shooter from sale

https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/ss_9a404d21ea814bd5b4a68e998a002969b39df491.1920x1080.jpg?width=690&quality=75&format=jpg&auto=webp
Valve removed the game Fursan al-Aqsa from Steam in the UK due to a request from the UK's counter-terrorism unit. The game remains available outside the UK, but its developer claims the ban is due to political reasons and double standards.

Building a distributed log using S3 (under 150 lines of Go)

The user implemented a durable, distributed log using S3, ensuring durability, availability, and replication. The log is append-only, immutable, and uses a unique, sequentially increasing identifier for each record.

Yotta Bank and the Problem with Fintech (Patrick Boyle) [video]

The Phones of the New NATO Secretary General

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ9J27WLmtuIN4Q0PoqPwp6Rwe-v4HsYqBZIkWQo9GEqizVuSs98kas1oF8tcMV1S09waEVJpbv5BtOonhQb8tm-Mec7n8xI67bAX9GLTSL2tLSRMRVPbm9ndDoT8WL6nUDNGZNnKUuYZE99ruv8UIRZRGDMN25zaEBF5dCb7lZ5uoU7b08oQFZTo1wPA/s600/nato-rutte-header.jpg
Mark Rutte is the new NATO Secretary General succeeding Jens Stoltenberg. He has three phones, a Polycom VVX 411 for non-secure calls, a Cisco 8865 for secure calls, and a Cisco 7975 for a hotline with the White House.

Show HN: Vicinity – Fast, Lightweight Nearest Neighbors with Flexible Back Ends

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/f60f9e7fb16bab1031a343e09c490f00d6345b9556034d960ad5d4e696bb0e0f/MinishLab/vicinity
Vicinity is a lightweight vector store with a unified interface for nearest neighbor search across different backends. It simplifies experimentation and evaluation of various indexing methods and distance metrics.

Show HN: Glyph3D – A 3D text visualizer for macOS and iOS / iPadOS

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tikimcfee/LookAtThat/main/repo_info/metal-v3-desktop-ide.png
'Glyph3D' is the new application bundle that supports macOS and iOS / iPadOS compatible devices. swift ast parser catches a lot of script-like languages, but need to support more per file

Stripe Black Friday Dashboard (Physical Machine)

https://images.stripeassets.com/fzn2n1nzq965/AVmWW1mIZtWyjQvbXqdm6/826483891e2e5b9a243a16fe1e14b729/live_1200x628_2.png
Recap dashboard of Stripe systems and stats during Black Friday and Cyber Monday 2024.

Smaller Satellite Images

https://tech.marksblogg.com/theme/images/planet-labs-webp/brave_X6pYFfjrPJ.jpg
Planet Labs' SkySat-6 satellite took an image of Kiribati in 2020 with 3% cloud cover. The image was re-compressed using WebP, reducing the file size, but no visual difference was observed when compared to the original LZW-compressed image.

Office CMBS Delinquency Rate Spikes to 10.4%, Just Below Worst of GFC Meltdown

https://wolfstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/US-CMBS-delinquency-rate-Trepp-2024-11-30-office.png
Office delinquency rates have spiked to 10.4%, nearing the worst months of the Financial Crisis, due to historic vacancy rates and landlords struggling to make interest payments. Conversions of old office towers to residential are growing but remain minuscule, with only 7.9% of vacant office space expected to be converted by 2025.

Ampere WS-1 Japanese APL Clamtop

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd6a3910-6945-4b7d-97b3-ca5cff2b65d4_750x992.jpeg
Ampere released the WS-1 portable computer in 1985, powered by an 8 MHz 68000 CPU and 64 KB of RAM, with a unique design and features like multi-tasking and windowing. The WS-1 was marketed as a powerful and portable computer for business and educational use, but was not imported to the US due to FCC emissions regulations.

First new asthma attack treatment in 50 years

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/3cdf/live/e8597b30-acd3-11ef-92c5-85d8a8f7d550.jpg.webp
Researchers found a new treatment for asthma attacks, an injection called Benralizumab, which targets a type of white blood cell causing inflammation in the lungs. The treatment could benefit two million people in the UK each year and is considered a game-changer in asthma and COPD care.

Controlling AI's Growing Energy Needs

https://cacm.acm.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/112724.News_.Controlling-AIs.jpg
Researchers are concerned about the huge energy required to train AI models, which is growing exponentially and contributing to global warming. New technologies like neuromorphic computers and optical computers may offer lower-energy alternatives to traditional GPUs.

Rackspace Spot – Rackspace – Pricing Page

Compute capacity is priced dynamically based on an open market auction. All compute flavors in all regions are subject to a minimum base price of $0.001 / hr. The actual price for any instance at any given point in time will vary, and is determined by the lowest price determined by Open Market Auction. These are the most up-to-date prices.

Turning bogs from wastelands to nature-scapes

https://worldsensorium.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/LV5G7YUV3VFO7L37GF5WICYSJQ.jpeg
Ireland's peatlands are 90% water and home to sphagnum moss, which holds water and draws carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Restoring these peatlands requires community buy-in and a "bottom-up" approach to preserve their carbon-storing properties.

Show HN: Unreal cinematic battle simulator

: 8ecfadf04996e607 : 172.206.111.2

I don't know how to build software and you don't either

The user argues that it's impossible to know the right answers to big software development questions due to the rapidly changing landscape and limited experience, making it hard to form confident opinions. They suggest that opinions on these questions are often formed by personal experiences and emotional reactions rather than principled reasoning, and that engineers should be open to the ...

America Got Mean (2023)

https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/ErwHrDisYTvej8Qd9FpdaGlQsAI=/0x157:3000x1845/1440x810/media/img/2023/07/24/0923_WEL_Brooks_MoralCollapseOpener/original.jpg
The author argues that America's emotional, relational, and spiritual crisis is rooted in a lack of moral formation, which was once a central part of American life but has been largely abandoned in recent decades. To address this crisis, the author proposes a renewed focus on building morally formative institutions and teaching essential social skills, such as empathy, kindness, and respect, ...

The Imminence of the Destruction of the Space Program

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aefbf00-b3ab-4210-bbad-651bb1e9a4d8_800x800.png
Space clutter poses a threat to human activity due to increased collision risks and debris accumulation. If left unchecked, it could lead to a catastrophic event in low earth orbit by 2050, crippling global economies and societies.

Uber's Dark Descent: How Abandoning Innovation Hurt Drivers and Gouges Riders

https://viewfromthewing.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cab.jpg
Uber's treatment of drivers has worsened since its founder's departure, with drivers now giving up 60% of fares and earning less than $100 per day. The company has also abandoned its ambitions and innovations, settling for squeezing drivers and customers to improve its financials.

Sitters and Standers

https://pudding.cool/2024/11/sitters-standers/assets/app/Lead.gif
The American worker divide: Those who sit, and those who stand

A Made-Up Name Is Better Than No Name

User created a term "Kep" to refer to a pair of EPD and San notation in chess, finding it easier to think about these pairs with a name. It's a personal tool to simplify working memory.

Tiny Arcades [video]

What Graykey iPhone hack tool can unlock

https://photos5.appleinsider.com/gallery/61792-127890-53248481188_b809d046ab_k-xl.jpg
Graykey, a forensic tool, struggles with Apple's latest iOS updates, limiting its data retrieval capabilities. A leaked document reveals Graykey's partial data extraction from iPhones running iOS 18 and its failure to extract data from iOS 18.1.

Foams Made Out of Felt

https://tanyakhovanova.com/BlogStuff/Foams/FoamSm.jpg
A finite 2-dimensional CW-complex is a geometric shape made by gluing points, segments, and disks together. A foam is a special type of CW-complex with specific properties and neighborhoods around points.

Scalable and Performant Data Loading

Sorry, something went wrong. We're working on getting this fixed as soon as we can.

December Adventure (Advent of Code alternative)

The December Adventure is a low-key coding challenge where participants work on a project daily in December, logging progress on the fediverse with hashtag #DecemberAdventure. It's a place to celebrate discoveries and share experiences, not a proof of work.

NaNoGenMo 2024 novel from AI captioned stills from the movie A.I

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/cad2ede6849853dd98a40d8f00edab9e08bd8ca01c0cc2119832ef309264051a/barnoid/AIAI2
The user revisited their 2016 NaNoGenMo entry using current AI tools, generating a novel from a DVD's stills with improved coherence but repetitive and bland results. The user suspects diminishing returns from large language models and doubts future improvements despite increased training data and power.

Show HN: Simtown: A 2D Role-Playing Game Where Characters Talk, Move, and Act

Connecting to server...

Advent of Svelte – a release per day until Christmas

https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:b6gbde64ngpelprsvnphc2l2/bafkreicbp64uewgutf74flej6addmlbsepg3bvwad24jtbqjokhycdceje@jpeg
Svelte's Advent of Svelte is shipping one thing a day until Christmas, starting with error boundaries. Users are excited but also hope Svelte doesn't get bloated or add obscure features.

Frontier supercomputer runs the largest astrophysical simulation of universe

The website is temporarily blocked due to security reasons after a suspicious action was detected. Please email the site owner with the Cloudflare Ray ID and details of the action that triggered the block.

We need data engineering benchmarks for LLMs

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_520,h_272,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F138200da-34c5-4eef-86e1-b6afb46d2fcd_851x813.png
The industry lacks a tailored benchmark to evaluate data engineering copilots, which is crucial for assessing their effectiveness in solving complex systems-level problems. A proposed data engineering benchmark, DE-bench, would simulate real-world workflows to evaluate LLMs on their ability to solve practical, pipeline-oriented problems.