I created an open-source Hardware Hacking Wiki – with tutorials for beginners

https://www.hardbreak.wiki/~gitbook/image?url=https%3A%2F%2F2343901342-files.gitbook.io%2F~%2Ffiles%2Fv0%2Fb%2Fgitbook-x-prod.appspot.com%2Fo%2Forganizations%252FiAi4u24KW445RkQwdeSM%252Fsites%252Fsite_JnjIO%252Ficon%252FqPs8nePKQ0pFeJzuzEON%252Flogo.png%3Falt%3Dmedia%26token%3D598587cb-6de6-4f23-86a6-0407600354b9&width=32&dpr=4&quality=100&sign=b467cfbe&sv=2
HardBreak is a wiki collecting knowledge on Hardware Hacking and IoT hacking in one accessible platform. It encourages contributors to share knowledge and correct errors to build a valuable resource.

Kenney.nl: Free Game Assets

https://www.kenney.nl/data/img/frontpage-starter-kits.png
Joining the club supports game asset creation and offers early access to new content and benefits. The club provides free Starter Kits and tools for game development, including 3D model creation.

Bad Apple but it's 6,500 regexes that I search for in Vim

https://eieio.games/images/bad-apple-with-regex-in-vim/grid-blue.png
The author created a Bad Apple animation in vim using search queries by breaking down each frame into rectangles and generating search patterns to highlight them. They used a combination of algorithms and vim macros to optimize the performance and created a simple animation test harness to play the video.

Uv's killer feature is making ad-hoc environments easy

uv's adherence to PEPs and performance set it apart from other package managers. Its unique feature is allowing ad-hoc scripting with specific Python versions and dependencies.

Right to root access

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Consumers should have the right to install software of their choice on any device they own outright, regardless of form factor. Manufacturers should not be allowed to restrict this right under the guise of safety, unless they can demonstrate a material risk that justifies such restrictions.

Backdooring Your Backdoors – Another $20 Domain, More Governments

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Researchers exploited abandoned and expired infrastructure to gain access to thousands of compromised systems, tracking over 4000 unique backdoors and identifying vulnerabilities in web shells. They shared their findings, highlighting the importance of continuous security testing and the need for responsible handling of compromised infrastructure.

The Illustrated Guide to a PhD

https://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures/images/PhDKnowledge.001.jpg
Matt Might created The Illustrated Guide to a Ph.D. to explain the process to graduate students. Proceeds from a related book fund graduate students researching genetic disorders.

I deleted my social media accounts

The author quit social media platforms like Twitter, TikTok, and Facebook due to their negative impact on mental health and society. They suggest others consider quitting and explore alternative ways to communicate and share ideas.

Tabby: Self-hosted AI coding assistant

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/388154/230440226-9bc01d05-9f57-478b-b04d-81184eba14ca.gif
Tabby is a self-hosted AI coding assistant offering an open-source alternative to GitHub Copilot with features like Answer Engine and seamless integrations. It supports various integrations and configurations for coding assistance.

Why I Chose Common Lisp

The user left Clojure after 7 years due to startup issues and moved to Common Lisp after researching other Lisps, finding it met all their requirements including fast executables, good support for various operating systems, and a strong multithreading story. The user found Common Lisp to have a great ecosystem, strong community, and good support for various tools and libraries, ultimately ...

AI founders will learn the bitter lesson

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AI founders repeat past mistakes by building products with constrained AI models, which will be overtaken by more general solutions that leverage increased computation. Better AI models will enable general purpose AI applications, but the added value of software around the AI model will diminish.

Aaron Swartz and Sam Altman

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The user reflects on Aaron Swartz, who made knowledge free for all, while OpenAI CEO Sam Altman profited from it, highlighting the US DOJ's disproportionate response to Swartz's actions. The user believes Swartz's legacy deserves recognition for his contributions to Markdown and Creative Commons, and his case highlights the flaws in the US justice system.

The origin of the cargo cult metaphor

https://static.righto.com/images/cargocult/marching2-w500.jpg
The cargo cult metaphor, popularized by Richard Feynman, is inaccurate and misleading, as it oversimplifies and distorts the complex history and nature of cargo cults in Melanesia. Cargo cults were a response to colonialism, exploitation, and cultural destruction, and were often harmful, with villagers expecting a bounty of cargo and throwing away their money, killing their pigs, and stopping ...

Mac Mini G4 – The best « classic » Macintosh for retro-gaming?

https://www.xtof.info/MacMini-Banner.png
The Mac Mini G4 is a powerful and compact computer that can run pre-OSX Macintosh games and applications due to its G4 CPU and compatibility with Mac OS 9. The computer's compatibility is quite good, especially for games made after the Macintosh II introduction in the late 80s, and it is the best Macintosh for retro-gaming due to its small size and ability to play titles from a large time-span.

The Missing Nvidia GPU Glossary

https://modal.com/assets/gpu-glossary-og.png
A glossary was created to connect fragmented GPU documentation concepts. It's a hypertext document with linked pages for easy navigation and understanding.

Mullenweg Shuts Down WordPress Sustainability Team, Igniting Backlash

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WordPress co-founder Matt Mullenweg dissolved the Sustainability Team after team rep Thijs Buijs announced his resignation. Critics call Mullenweg's action "bizarrely heinous behavior" and hypocritical, given his initial support for the team.

I spent 18 years in the Linux console

The website is temporarily blocked due to security reasons after a suspicious action was detected. Please email the site owner with the Cloudflare Ray ID and details of the action that triggered the block.

If we had the best product engineering organization, what would it look like?

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The speaker, a VP of Engineering, shares how they handled an impossible request from their CEO to measure productivity, and instead focused on improving the company's product engineering organization. They discuss six categories for improvement: People, Internal Quality, Lovability, Visibility, Agility, and Profitability, and share specific strategies for achieving these goals.

Adobe Lightroom's AI Remove feature added a Bitcoin to bird in flight photo

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Adobe's AI feature in Lightroom added a bitcoin to a bird photo, raising concerns about AI accuracy. User is worried about AI autofill getting worse, affecting accessibility features like closed captions.

Great things about Rust that aren't just performance

The author writes Rust for fun due to its joy and expressiveness, along with features like type safety and concurrent code prevention. They appreciate Rust's predictability and ability to write in both functional and imperative styles.

The case for letting Malibu burn (1995)

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The city of Malibu in California is prone to devastating wildfires due to its geography and climate, with fires burning thousands of homes and killing people every few years. Despite efforts to create "defensible space" and make homes fire-resistant, the city continues to experience massive fires, highlighting the need for a more fundamental rethinking of development in fire-prone areas.

Qubes OS: A reasonably secure operating system

https://www.qubes-os.org/attachment/site/endorsement-edward-snowden.jpg
Qubes OS provides secure isolation for sensitive workloads and allows users to control their environment. It offers a secure and flexible operating system with features like Xen hypervisor and Whonix integration.

The Canva outage: another tale of saturation and resilience

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Canva experienced a saturation incident due to a stale rule in Cloudflare's traffic management system causing packet loss and massive latency for users in Asia. The incident was mitigated by Canva engineers adapting system behavior using Cloudflare's firewall functionality and incrementally restoring traffic.

The mistake of yearning for the 'friendly' online world of 20 years ago

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The internet has undergone significant changes, with many users nostalgic for a time when virtual spaces were more welcoming and free, but this nostalgia can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. To recover the good things about the internet, users must take responsibility for their actions and stop fearing technology, which is not inherently bad.

Best Pens for 2025

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The article reviews various pens for different writing needs, including ballpoint, gel, fountain, and rollerball pens, highlighting their features, benefits, and drawbacks. It also recommends specific pens for left-handed writers, journaling, planning, and art, as well as samplers and starter kits for testing and learning about different writing instruments.

Free music archive

https://freemusicarchive.org/img/header-bg.jpg
In this podcast series, the FMA Team will shine a spotlight on Free Music Archive's artists, FMA's very own music insiders, as they share with us a little bit about their music journey.

From ASCII to ASIC: Porting donut.c to a tiny slice of silicon

https://www.a1k0n.net/img/iq-torus.png
A hardware implementation of a ray-traced donut was created using a 130nm process chip, requiring no memory, sines, cosines, square roots, or divisions. The design uses CORDIC iterations and a signed distance function to render the donut, with a 48MHz clock and 7000 standard cells.

IP addresses through 2024

https://www.potaroo.net/ispcol/2025-01/addrfig1.png
The IPv4 address space is being depleted at a slow pace, with the total allocated address pool contracting by 400,000 addresses in 2023, and the remaining unallocated addresses being held in a single pool by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. The IPv4 address market is showing signs of saturation, with the average unit price of addresses stable in 2024, and the transfer process not ...

Zuckerberg approved training Llama on LibGen [pdf]

Meta withheld documents collected months ago until the last hours of fact discovery, citing an inapplicable court case. Meta's objections to conforming amendments are baseless and it has not requested additional discovery or expedited briefing.

Rewilding the Self

https://worldsensorium.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/rabbit-5956422_1280.jpg
We are losing touch with nature and its importance in our lives, but rewilding can help restore our connection to the natural world. Rewilding involves immersing ourselves in nature, learning to see and appreciate its beauty, and taking action to protect and restore wild spaces.

I will never need to buy a new computer again

The author remembers rapid computer upgrades in the 90s and 2000s but now feels upgrades are unnecessary due to current processing power. They plan to reuse and upgrade existing hardware rather than buying new.

Snake Game in 56 Bytes

https://camo.githubusercontent.com/108039e95483e59bc9f2f221d4ae32ea60ffd321c49d15d87abc0195bd52127e/68747470733a2f2f6d6174746b632e636f6d2f6574632f736e616b6571722f636f64652e706e67
The user created a 133-byte x86 snake game for DOS that can run without BIOS, bootloader, or OS, inspired by a Hackaday challenge. The game has unique restrictions and differs from another snake game implementation that also participated in a size coding competition.

Show HN: Pyper – Concurrent Python Made Simple

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyper-dev/pyper/refs/heads/main/docs/src/assets/img/pyper.png
Pyper is a flexible framework for concurrent and parallel data-processing based on functional programming patterns, providing an intuitive API for unifying threaded, multiprocessed, and asynchronous work. It allows users to define pipelines of tasks using the `pyper.task` function and execute them concurrently or in parallel using workers and queues.

Das Blinkenlights

https://rodyne.com/wp-content/uploads/front-panel.jpg
The user created a custom LED display for their Raspberry Pi NAS server inspired by nostalgia for old mainframe computers. They designed and built 2U panels with 128 LEDs, using PIC16F1782 microprocessors and shift registers, and shared the design and code online for free.

HMD Key – A lightweight, affordable smartphone

The HMD Key is a budget-friendly smartphone available from January 2nd in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand for £59. It offers essential features, a reliable Android 14 experience, and a long-lasting battery.
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Sugary drinks cause 2.2 million new diabetes and 1.1 million new heart disease cases annually due to rapid blood sugar spikes. Reducing sugary drink consumption can prevent type 2 diabetes and heart disease, creating a healthier future for communities worldwide.

Employees are bypassing HR, sharing on LinkedIn

https://i.insider.com/6776f560e5726ab18d0e5668?width=700
Costi, a former lawyer, shares her experience of workplace bullying on LinkedIn, garnering over 1.2 million views and sparking a community of people sharing similar stories. The platform has become a space for workers to discuss and navigate toxic workplaces, with some experts cautioning that bypassing HR may not be the best solution.

Why the Getty Center Is the Safest Place for Art During a Fire (2019)

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The Getty Center in Los Angeles is designed with fire prevention in mind, featuring fire-resistant materials and landscaping. Its architecture and operations ensure the safety of artworks and staff during fires like the Getty Fire in 2019.

Physicists who want to ditch dark energy

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A group of astrophysicists questioned the Nobel Prize-winning finding that the universe's expansion is accelerating. They propose an alternative model, the timescape, which doesn't require dark energy to explain the universe's expansion.

The consensus on Havana Syndrome is cracking

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US intelligence agencies initially concluded Havana syndrome was not caused by a foreign adversary, but new information has led some to reconsider this assessment. A new report suggests a possible link to a mystery weapon used by a foreign adversary, causing a shift in the intelligence community's opinion.

Show HN: Werk, a simple build tool and command runner

werk is a portable, easy-to-use build system and command runner, similar to make and just, but designed for video game development. It's alpha software, written in Rust, with a focus on precise dependency tracking and concurrency management.

Virtual Vette – Racing Simulator Built from Wrecked Corvette

https://content.instructables.com/FMQ/5ONI/M5PCAIWG/FMQ5ONIM5PCAIWG.jpg?auto=webp&frame=1
A father-son project built a custom Corvette simulator using a 1980 Corvette donor car, aluminum frame, and gaming components. The project involved extensive modifications, including welding, fiberglass repair, and upholstery, to create a unique gaming experience.

Microsoft Bob: Microsoft's biggest flop of the 1990s

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Microsoft released Microsoft Bob in January 1995 as a user-friendly interface for novice users, but it failed due to its slowness and high resource requirements. It was discontinued in 1996 after selling only 58,000 copies, becoming one of Microsoft's most visible product failures.

Life on a Closed Timelike Curve

To ensure we keep this website safe, please can you confirm you are a human by ticking the box below. If you are unable to complete the above request please contact us using the below link, providing a screenshot of your experience.

Lead and cadmium found in muscle-building protein powders, report says

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A new investigation found high levels of lead and cadmium in over-the-counter protein powders, especially plant-based and organic products. Consumers can shop smart by choosing protein powders made from peas or whey-based products with vanilla flavor.

Misty: A secure distributed actor language

Getting an all-optical AI to handle non-linear math

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MIT researchers created a photonic chip that can process photons directly, achieving a latency of 410 picoseconds, which is 58 times faster than a standard CPU. This chip can be used for applications requiring fast processing, such as self-driving cars and automotive vision systems.

Russia's Hidden War Debt

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Russia is pursuing a dual-track strategy to fund its war costs, using a highly scrutinized defense budget and a low-profile, off-budget financing scheme. This off-budget scheme is driving an unprecedented surge in corporate borrowing and poses a significant risk of a systemic credit crisis.

Great CPAN modules released last week

Updates for great CPAN modules released last week. A module is considered great if its favorites count is greater or equal than 12. App...

Two fire experts interviewed about L.A. wildfires

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Wildfire experts Jack Cohen and Stephen Pyne say the US has more control over fire disasters than it thinks, and that prevention strategies can be more effective if the problem is redefined as urban fires rather than wildland fires. They argue that homes can be protected with "home-hardening" strategies and collective efforts.

Show HN: A daily digest for reMarkable

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reMarkable Digest is a personal newspaper that curates content for your reMarkable tablet, eliminating manual transfers and distractions. It helps you start your day with a peaceful reading experience, free from digital chaos.

Thanks to Nvidia, there's a new generation of PCs coming and they'll run Linux

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Nvidia and MediaTek are releasing a Linux-powered PC, Project Digits, with AI supercomputer power for $3,000. This technology may become mainstream, challenging Intel and AMD in the desktop CPU market.

Customasm – An assembler for custom, user-defined instruction sets

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/47c554d8ee7fd7e369f7fcfeb58201b097547ca7655c7806dc9ec43df1049bf6/hlorenzi/customasm
customasm is an assembler for custom instruction sets. It can be installed via cargo install customasm or compiled from source with cargo build.

Distributed Transactions at Scale in Amazon DynamoDB (2023)

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DynamoDB transactions use an optimistic concurrency control scheme with timestamps to ensure predictability and high performance at any scale. The one-shot transaction protocol allows for serializability and flexibility in modeling business transactions with read-only and write transactions.

Young Persons Guide to BCPL Programming on the Raspberry Pi [pdf]

The Raspberry Pi is a small, affordable computer that runs Linux and can be used to learn programming languages like BCPL. It can be set up with a keyboard, mouse, and HDMI cable, and can be connected to the internet for automatic time and date setting.

Hobbyist Builds AI-Assisted Rifle Robot Using ChatGPT

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A hobbyist engineer built a voice-controlled AI-assisted robot that shoots a rifle using OpenAI's ChatGPT. OpenAI's partnership with a weapons company and the Pentagon raises concerns about the use of AI in warfare and the potential for autonomous weapons systems.

What other communities do you use apart from HN?

User participates in various online communities including Reddit, Bluesky, and LinkedIn, but uses a plugin to block LinkedIn content. They seek an invite to LinkedIn from someone in Europe to join the platform.

Why can't programmers be more like ants? Or a lesson in stigmergy (2015)

Software development teams have shifted from autocratic, top-down structures to distributed, network-like organizations where code mirrors the structure of the organization. This shift is driven by stigmergy, a mechanism of coordination where work performed by one actor stimulates subsequent work by others.

Ask HN: Pull the curtain back on Nvidia's CES keynote please

User has 15 years of experience in robotics/software engineering and is questioning the impact of AI/LLMs on the field. They seek honest insights on whether NVIDIA's AI tools and LLMs are truly revolutionary or just require more resources.

US Supreme Court curbed public scrutiny as it boosted security before Roe ruling

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A US Supreme Court memo from March 2022 sought to enhance judicial protection and reduce public scrutiny by excluding security records from Freedom of Information Act requirements. The move comes amid growing security concerns and a historic low in public trust of the court.

Stories from the Internet

(The date next to the link indicates when I have added the entry to this list, not when it happened.)

(Right-Nulled) Generalised LR Parsing

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The author discusses the limitations of LR parsing and how Generalised LR Parsing (GLR) can handle ambiguous grammars by executing multiple possible actions in parallel on different copies of the parser state. GLR parsing can be used to parse any context-free grammar, but it requires additional techniques such as sharing state and creating a parse forest to manage the complexity of the algorithm.

Longtime Aspen ski executive thinks corporate sustainability is a scam

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Auden Schendler, a 26-year corporate sustainability veteran, argues that corporate sustainability is a failure that distracts from effective climate solutions. He advocates for companies to enter the political arena and fight the fossil fuel industry.

Superior Internet Privacy with Whonix

https://www.whonix.org/w/images/a/a5/HP-Hero-image-svg-preview.svg
Whonix provides maximum desktop privacy and anonymity through the Tor network, protecting IP addresses from tracking. It uses a Dual-VM Architecture and strong security measures to prevent DNS leaks and malware discovery.

Ripping Sega System 16 Sprites and Palettes: Brief Guide (2021)

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The user updated the Sega Sprite Viewer tool to view sprite roms from System 16 games like Altered Beast, and extracted the game's palette data by analyzing the game's code and memory configuration. The user found the palette data location by setting a memory watch point and disassembling the game's code, and was able to load the sprite data in glorious color by cycling through the 255 palettes.

AI agents may soon surpass people as primary application users

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Accenture predicts AI agents will be primary users of most enterprises' internal digital systems by 2030 and surpass apps in average consumer time spent on smart devices by 2032. The report calls this shift the Binary Big Bang, driven by advancements in agentic systems, digital core, and generative user interfaces.

Imaging mounted disk volumes under duress (2021)

https://blog.benjojo.co.uk/asset/5Jgns9NmP0
The user needed a way to create a bootable image of a system without point in time snapshot ability, and found a solution using blktrace to track disk changes in real time. They wrote a proof of concept in Go to create a tool that can copy data without missing altered sectors, and successfully tested it using a slow USB flash disk.

Male and female brains differ at birth

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Research on 514 newborns found that males have larger brain volumes than females, with significant differences in total brain, intracranial, and gray matter volumes. These sex differences are present from birth and remain relatively stable during the neonatal period, suggesting that prenatal factors play a key role in shaping sex differences in the brain.

Qubes OS: Templates

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Qubes OS separates software installation from execution, using templates for installation and app qubes for execution, ensuring security and disk space efficiency. Templates can be updated centrally, and users can install multiple templates for different purposes, such as trusted and untrusted domains.

A well designed ski jump

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Zaha Hadid's Bergisel Ski Jump marked a turning point in her career as her first major completed project. It was a combination of a tower and a bridge, featuring a 50-metre-high, 90-metre-long structure with a stainless steel exterior.

Treewidth?

https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/202502/noti3043/Images/img9330c5a8988e7c0d1ba65ae42beeac11.png
Treewidth is a graph parameter that measures the size of the largest bag in a tree decomposition of a graph, and it has many equivalent definitions and applications in graph theory and algorithm design. Treewidth is used to solve various graph problems efficiently, including graph coloring, and it has been applied to other areas such as sparse numerical linear algebra, Bayesian inference, and ...

All-Band Receiver Lets You Listen to All the Radio at Once

https://hackaday.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/IMG_0912-1-scaled-1.jpg?w=800
Ido Roseman built a simple radio receiver for monitoring air traffic control conversations using a Schottky diode detector and an LM386 amplifier. The receiver uses a short wire as an antenna and is suitable for nearby powerful transmitters.

Contemplative LLMs

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The user created a prompt to mimic the thought process of Large Language Models like o1, which involves exploration, depth of reasoning, and a thinking process that mirrors natural thought patterns. The prompt, which includes XML tags to separate the contemplation phase and the final answer, seems to work better for intermediate to difficult tasks and may lead to the correct final answer in most cases.

What do you think about using a game engine for UI?

Using a game engine for UI development can be beneficial for novel and dynamic UIs, but it may not be suitable for static UIs due to increased resource usage and potential accessibility issues. Some game engines like Godot and Unity have features that can be used for UI development, but they may not be the best choice for every project, and alternative solutions like Flutter and Dear ImGui ...

Two Waves of Aging: How Midlife Biomolecular Shifts Accelerate Decline

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Aging is a dynamic process characterized by distinct biological transitions, not a gradual, linear decline. Two critical waves of aging occur in the mid-40s and early 60s, marked by abrupt, systemic changes in key biological systems.

Euthanasia Coaster (2010)

Julijonas Urbonas is a Lithuanian artist and researcher who explores the intersection of art, science, and technology through various projects, including True Moonshine, a micro-distillery that uses lunar light to produce high-proof liquor, and Planet of People, an artistic and scientific study into a hypothetical artificial planet made up of human bodies. His work often involves the use of ...

Show HN: SemHash – Fast Semantic Text Deduplication for Cleaner Datasets

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SemHash is a lightweight tool for deduplicating datasets using semantic similarity. It supports single and multi-dataset deduplication, and can handle simple and complex datasets.

What the US Pornhub 'ban' is really about

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The US is implementing age verification laws for online porn, but critics argue they are ineffective and invasive, potentially leading to a ban on the industry. Opponents say these laws are part of a broader effort to suppress sexuality and freedom.

Show HN: Willpayforthis.com – Gathering posts about what people will pay for

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It's pretty simple. People are saying what they want online. We accumulate posts in one place and make it easy to explore. Preorder now to get lifetime access. After launch, the product will be available for a monthly subscription. Search through curated Tweets to learn what people are saying they want. Use it to validate an idea or come up with new products.

On Misery

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The author criticizes Mark Zuckerberg's actions as a "boss revolt" against workers, causing misery for its own sake. This behavior is seen as a departure from the original purpose of workplace culture programs, which aimed to foster collaboration and knowledge sharing.

macOS No Longer Ships with Emacs

Apple stopped shipping Emacs 22.1 with macOS due to GPL v3 license incompatibility. They replaced it with mg editor, a simple command-line text editor.

Flynn Effect

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The Flynn effect is a long-term increase in IQ scores measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century. The average IQ score has risen by about 3 points per decade in the United States.

Asking rents skyrocket as LA fires destroy homes

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LAist reports a nearly 86% price hike in a Bel Air home's rent to $29,500 per month after the Palisades Fire. California's price gouging ban applies to housing, and residents can report suspected price gouging through the Attorney General's website.

A murder that shook British India and toppled a king

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A couple, Abdul Kadir Bawla and Mumtaz Begum, were attacked in Bombay in 1925, with Bawla killed and Begum injured. The case led to the abdication of an Indian king and drew global attention due to its complexity and sensational nature.

The Story of Irish Hip Hop

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Red Bull and COLLECTIVE Films present 'Origins: The Story of Irish Hip Hop', a 52-minute documentary on Ireland's hip-hop journey over four decades. The film features interviews with artists, industry figures, and fans, exploring the reasons behind the booming Irish hip-hop scene in 2020.

Meta will start automating the work of midlevel software engineers this year

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Mark Zuckerberg said Meta and other tech companies are working on AI that can write code like a midlevel engineer by 2025. This could replace human coders, but may initially be expensive, affecting jobs like midlevel software engineers.