Claude Code sends 33k tokens before reading the prompt; OpenCode sends 7k

https://systima.ai/images/claude-code-vs-opencode-banner.png
Claude Code incurs ~33,000-token overhead per request (vs OpenCode’s ~7,000) due to extensive system prompts, tools, and mid-session rewrites, while OpenCode’s stable, cached prefixes minimize costs. Subagent workflows amplify Claude Code’s token usage 54x vs OpenCode’s lean design, with configuration files and MCP servers further inflating baseline costs.

How to read more books

https://scotto.me/assets/img/umberto_eco.jpg
Replace screen time with reading, use an e-reader, read in daily moments, mix genres, and avoid distractions. Set goals, build a library, track progress, and avoid speed reading/summaries to deepen understanding.

What xAI's Grok build CLI sends to xAI: A wire-level analysis

I love LLMs, I hate hype

The author is enthusiastic about AI progress, including LLMs and coding agents, but criticizes fear-mongering narratives of AI dominance. They argue that value creation, driven by Moore's law, isn't captured by closed labs, advocating for open-source solutions.

Old and new apps, via modern coding agents

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A mathematician successfully migrated 1999 Java applets to JavaScript via AI, reviving tools like honeycomb and Besicovitch set visualizers with minimal bugs. They also created new interactive visualizations for special relativity and the Gilbreath conjecture using AI, finding the process efficient and low-risk for supplementary educational tools.
Chrome 148+ uses OS-specific math libraries for functions like Math.tanh, creating OS fingerprints. Scrapfly replicates exact OS math behaviors (e.g., libsystem_m on macOS) to spoof browsers indistinguishably, matching host libm, CSS trig, and Web Audio down to bit-level precision.

Tiny Emulators

https://floooh.github.io/tiny8bit-preview/ext/visual6502remix.webp

LARP – Revenue infrastructure for serious founders

LARP is a satirical platform mocking legal circular revenue deals where companies mutualize revenue without cash movement, critiquing financial reporting's focus on numbers over real economic value. It highlights how accounting rules allow such practices, blurring lines between legitimate growth and illusion.

Ghostel.el: Terminal emulator powered by libghostty

Ghostel is an Emacs terminal emulator using libghostty-vt, offering modern VT features like Kitty protocols, rich underlines, and OSC 8 hyperlinks. It integrates with Emacs via Elisp and a Zig-native module, supporting shell commands, password prompts, and TRAMP remote terminals.

Cyberpunk Comics, Manga and Graphic Novels

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A curated list of cyberpunk works (1975–2016) spans Western comics, manga, and graphic novels, featuring *Akira*, *Blade Runner*, and *Ghost in the Shell*, exploring dystopia, tech, and societal critique. Themes include virtual reality, AI, and post-apocalyptic settings, with entries like *The Long Tomorrow* and *Transmetropolitan* highlighting genre evolution and speculative futures.

Ask HN: What Are You Working On? (July 2026)

Working on iOS app improvements and multiplatform C projects with X11/wasm. LLM coding diminished coding's joy, sparking thoughts of a new hobby.

Show HN: Juggler – an open-source GUI coding agent, by the creator of JUCE

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/5763f5012af91577995e1a8d5195c861a57016277ddc694cab98b45317340697/juggler-ai/juggler
Juggler offers a GUI workbench for visual, interactive control of LLM codebase workflows via branching session trees, plugins, and editable context. It supports cross-platform collaboration, local/remote access, and integrates with major models like Claude, OpenAI, and Gemini.

The shingles vaccine may reduce the risk of dementia

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Alzheimer’s, a feared dementia, erodes identity and self-trust, as described by Terry Pratchett, who likened it to "unwinding" and isolation. The government’s inadequate response fails to address its devastating impact.

Migrating a production AI agent to GPT-5.6: 2.2x faster, 27% cheaper

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Ploy upgraded to GPT-5.6 Sol, outperforming Claude Opus with 2.2× faster builds, 27% lower costs, and cleaner code, but required fixing tool-call handling, caching, and reasoning replay to address model-specific behaviors and ensure fair evaluation.

Irish datacenters now guzzle 23% of the country's electricity

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Ireland's datacenters consumed 23% of electricity in 2025, up 10% from 2024, despite a Dublin moratorium on new grid connections. New regulations now require backup power systems, as protests grow over energy use and environmental impacts.

Teardown: A Generic 7-Port USB 3.0 Hub That Wasn't

Purchased a low-cost USB 3.0 hub that's mostly USB 2.0 with flimsy build and safety risks, leading to buyer's remorse due to deceptive ads and return complications.

Don't you mean extinct?

Technological shifts, like CGI in the 90s and AI today, disrupt industries but offer growth through adaptation. Programmers must evolve by mastering tools like LLMs, leveraging resources such as Karpathy's tutorials and Raschka's book, to stay relevant amid automation and code review advancements.

Under federal rule, colleges must leave grads better off or lose financial aid

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The U.S. Department of Education's new "do no harm" test links federal student loans to graduate earnings, risking funding for programs where graduates don't outearn non-graduates. Critics argue it overlooks arts and creative fields' cultural value and long-term career impacts, despite most programs passing initial thresholds.

I Learned to Read Again

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Sam Kahn traces his declining reading habit due to social media, work, and shifting cultural values, battling digital addiction and societal pressures. He revives reading through disciplined strategies, stressing its role in sustaining deep thought and cultural continuity amid modern distractions.

Death of the Status Update: Why 55% of Americans Stopped Posting on Social Media

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A Boomer's struggle with social media's clutter mirrors a broader trend: a 2026 Incogni study reveals 50%+ Americans post less, citing privacy concerns, political toxicity, and mental strain, with younger generations most affected.

How we can reduce traffic congestion

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Google's study shows rerouting 2% of trips via navigation apps in 10 US cities improved traffic speeds by 2% and reduced emissions, demonstrating scalable, low-cost congestion relief. The experiment establishes a framework for network-level traffic optimization using connected systems.

Command Line Interface Guidelines

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This open-source guide modernizes UNIX principles for CLI design, focusing on human-centric usability, composability, and clear documentation. It provides actionable best practices for intuitive interfaces, error handling, and output formatting to improve accessibility and efficiency.

Why Vanilla JavaScript

Developed a complex music education web app using vanilla JavaScript and Web Components, avoiding frameworks like React/Angular to bypass artificial complexity. Criticizes modern frameworks for adding unnecessary build steps and abstractions, advocating native HTML/CSS/JS with custom tools (EHTML, e-ui) for scalable, maintainable solutions.

Designing and assembling my first PCB

https://vilkeliskis.com/b/2026/i/pcb_breadboard_components.jpg
The user designed and assembled a custom BME280 sensor PCB using KiCad, successfully replicating its I2C interface and achieving plug-and-play functionality after soldering. This hands-on experience with PCB design, assembly, and testing boosted their confidence to tackle more complex hardware projects like integrating an ESP32, LCD, and sensors on a single board.

Understanding the Odin programming language

https://odinbook.com/cover.jpg
Understanding the Odin Programming Language teaches basic to advanced Odin concepts, emphasizing design rationale and practical examples, endorsed by Odin's creator and praised for clarity. Karl Zylinski, an experienced game developer and educator, updates the book with language changes and offers insights into low-level programming.

Woman in Brazil enslaved for 55 years by 3 generations of the same family

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Maria, 62, was rescued after 55 years of unpaid domestic servitude in Brazil, exploited by three generations of a family, now to receive $40k in compensation. Case highlights persistent domestic slavery, often affecting poor Black women, with victims unaware of their rights.

Show HN: Mindwalk – Replay coding-agent sessions on a 3D map of your codebase

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cosmtrek/mindwalk/master/assets/screenshot.png
Mindwalk visualizes coding sessions as interactive night maps, showing agent activity via glowing file interactions (read/edit) in Tree/Terrain views. A local Go tool parses logs, installs securely, and serves a UI with playback, touch states, and session analysis.

AI boosts research careers but narrow the span of ideas explored: study

https://spectrum.ieee.org/media-library/illustration-of-the-tip-of-a-pencil-breaking-the-shattered-graphite-pieces-resemble-sparkles-frequently-used-for-ai-application.jpg?id=62826545&width=1200&height=900
AI enhances individual scientists' productivity and career progression but narrows research diversity, risking homogeneity. Balancing personal incentives with collective scientific exploration is vital to prevent stifling innovation.

Today I Rescued 7,234 Old GIFs

https://bcdn.danq.me/_q23u/2026/07/Screenshot-2026-07-10-at-13.42.44-640x224.png
GlitchyZorua and I automated archiving Ibiblio's 1990s GIF icons by calculating server-side imagemap coordinates for bulk downloads, bypassing manual clicks. We built a searchable static site (ibiblio-icon-archive.danq.dev) to preserve and share the collection.

Automation Without Understanding

https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png
The essay warns that AI's mathematical advancements paired with U.S. declining math education risk strategic failure by eroding critical infrastructure. It proposes treating math capacity as a strategic asset and requiring formal, auditable AI reasoning.

Autopsy Study Finds Replicating SARS-CoV-2 in the Hearts of Long Covid

https://s3.amazonaws.com/amz.xcdsystem.com/9427052B-EB87-B001-574B51E4E8F34C4B_abstract_File13619/781_Figure1_1002083502.jpg
Study finds SARS-CoV-2 reverse strand in hearts of Long COVID patients correlates with higher cardiac symptoms and structural changes. Viral persistence alters gene expression, suggesting a role in driving Long COVID pathology and informing new treatments.

Kode Dot Programmable pocket device for makers, pentesters and geeks

https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1033/7779/7462/files/kode-dot-front-back.png?v=1782403366&width=1152
Kode Dot is a handheld, all-in-one platform with dual ESP32-P4/C5 MCUs, AMOLED touchscreen, sensors, wireless, and 16 programmable pins for instant prototyping. It supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and community-developed apps, born from a 16,000-backer Kickstarter success.

A pure scheme web programming tool

The Scheme compiler is self-hosted, using unboxed fixnums, GC structs, and hygiene via renaming, with fast variadic calls and Wasm-based continuations. It integrates web APIs (HTML, WebGL, JS FFI) and reactive systems, enabling RPC with exact s-expression data and efficient rendering.

Against Usefulness

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The essay explores how foundational, often "useless" research fuels future innovations, exemplified by Folk Computer, an open-source physical computing system. It calls for independent thinkers and patrons to support paradigm-shifting work, bridging the gap between institutional legacy and grassroots creativity.

Why are US consumers so angry? It's not just high prices

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American consumers face rising frustration over corporate overcharges, shoddy service, and hidden fees, costing $165bn annually. Weakened federal oversight and media scrutiny, alongside corporate power consolidation, fuel a toxic cycle, but advocacy groups and citizen journalism seek accountability.

Mechanistic interpretability researchers applying causality theory to LLMs

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Yt-Dlp Sequence Diagrams

https://app.ilograph.com/img/icon_transparent.png
The Ilograph diagrams document AWS serverless back-end and Stack Overflow's on-prem architecture. They enable team collaboration with permissions, password policies, and bug reporting via [email protected].

Making Crash Bandicoot (2011)

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Naughty Dog, in 1994, developed a 3D character action game (CAG) for PlayStation, inspired by Mario and Sonic, to fill a market gap by avoiding direct competition with Nintendo and Sega. They overcame 3D camera challenges, leveraging PlayStation's potential, creating Crash Bandicoot amid uncertain odds.

Vagal cholinergic denervation of the gastric mucosa in Long-COVID-19

A study on Long-COVID-19 patients found reduced gastric mucosal cholinergic nerve density and impaired autonomic function via HRV analysis, linking vagal dysfunction to persistent symptoms and systemic inflammation. Histological and physiological data suggest structural autonomic damage, correlating with elevated cardiovascular biomarkers and procoagulative states.

Neocities: Create your own free website

https://neocities.org/site_screenshots/15/56/hillhouse/index.html.540x405.webp
Neocities empowers users to build and share websites with an easy HTML editor, drag-and-drop uploads, and community features like tags and social interaction, all without ads or data sales. Funded by supporters, it offers fast, reliable static hosting with open-source tools, prioritizing user control and creativity.

Unexpected Solidlike Fracture in Simple Liquids

https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ThamiresLima-coThamiresLima.webp
Thamires Lima discovered a nonelastic fluid can fracture like brittle solids, defying theories that elasticity causes fluid cracking. This challenges assumptions about stress-induced fluid failure, with potential impacts on engineering, medicine, and material science.

A dock that wakes up reliably

https://fabiensanglard.net/tb4/tb4_vs_others.webp
User struggled with unreliable laptop wake-up from sleep via Thunderbolt docks, even with Thunderbolt 4. Switching to an ASUS ROG Swift monitor in 2025 resolved the issue, though the cause remains unclear.

A Erlang style pure Scheme Webserver and further

Igropyr is a Chez Scheme HTTP server using libuv, featuring fault-tolerant worker pools, hot code swapping, green processes for concurrency, and structured error handling. It ensures zero-downtime updates, preemptive scheduling, and OTP-inspired supervision for high reliability.

Martha Lillard, last US polio patient using iron lung, dies at 78 in Oklahoma

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Martha Lillard, the last U.S. polio patient using an iron lung, died at 78 in Oklahoma from long-haul COVID-19 and pulmonary issues. She lived independently, pursued education, and connected globally via internet before her 2026 death.

Old Icons

https://leancrew.com/all-this/resources/snowman-200.jpg
The early Mac app icons, with 32x32 black/white pixels, tilted rectangles, and hands, distinguished apps and influenced other publishers. Modern "squircle jail" debates reflect nostalgia for these lost design elements.

Fable extended until 19 July

https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1950950107937185792/QOfEjFoJ_200x200.jpg
We're extending Claude Fable 5 access on all paid plans, as well as keeping Claude Code’s weekly rate limits 50% higher, through July 19.

Show HN: Shirei, cross-platform GUI framework in native Go

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hasenj/go-shirei/master/examples/haystack/haystack.webp
Shirei is a cross-platform Go GUI framework enabling self-contained apps for macOS, Windows, and Linux with a React-like immediate mode API, eliminating widget state management. It supports international text, flexible layouts, and offers a simple API with built-in examples for quick development.

Unauthenticated RCE in Motorola's MR2600 Router

The author discovered an unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in Motorola's MR2600 router, exploiting a flawed firmware validation process and authentication bypass in its CGI/SOAP handlers. Despite public disclosure due to Motorola's lack of response, the vulnerability impacts exposed devices, underscoring risks from outdated firmware and inadequate security checks.

Datacentres drive up big tech's carbon emissions to a third of those of France

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Microsoft, Amazon, and Google's carbon emissions surged 19% in 2024 due to AI-driven datacenter construction, yet they maintain net-zero pledges. Rising cloud demand and scarce carbon credits challenge offset efforts as global datacenter projects consume 1.3% of projected global electricity by 2030.

A Beautiful Theory Falls to Ugly Data

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The study rejects Coase's conjecture by showing e-book prices don't fall to marginal cost, with sales persisting over time. Authors propose commitment to pricing or consumer outside options as alternative explanations.

Theo de Raadt: "You've been smoking something mind altering" (2007)

Theo de Raadt criticizes x86 virtualization for adding a bug-prone kernel layer over an insecure architecture, undermining claimed security benefits. He dismisses the idea that engineers can reliably create secure virtualization layers after repeatedly failing to produce secure OSes.

Why study Diophantine equations?

Diophantine equations explore integer solutions, revealing structures like divisibility and prime factorization. The Langlands program studies advanced Diophantine equations to uncover profound connections in number theory.

Storm clouds gather over America's financial supremacy

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US trade official L Jamieson Greer criticized Brazil's Pix system for disadvantaging US firms, prompting a 25% tariff threat. Brazil's President Lula and rival Bolsonaro reject US pressure, with Bolsonaro proposing a compromise to avoid linking Pix to competing cross-border systems.

Billion Dollar PDFs

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A Billion-Dollar PDF is a memo, white paper, essay or deck that introduced a new mental model, and changed how billions of dollars of capital flowed. The term is Jeremy Giffon’s. This is an open index of the ones people keep citing — browse it below, expand any entry for the story, and follow the link to read the original.

Why Write Code in 2026

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Building a software factory with AI agents demands human hands-on coding to ensure quality and architectural clarity, as writing code fosters ownership, precision, and proactive system improvement beyond automated processes.

Faster binary search: from compiled code to mechanical sympathy

https://pythonspeed.com/assets/titles/branchless-binary-search.png
The article demonstrates optimizing Python code by reducing branch mispredictions via branchless algorithms, precomputing values, and using SIMD instructions, achieving a 6x speedup in a binary search implementation for scikit-learn's gradient boosting.

The One-Step Trap (In AI Research)

The one-step trap assumes AI can accurately predict long-term outcomes by iterating one-step models, but errors compound and computational complexity grows exponentially, making it unreliable. Temporally abstract models like options and GVFs offer a better solution for long-term predictions.

Neverclick: Desktop application for performing mouse actions with your keyboard

https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/22990491/619388066-bcfc6210-e8ae-4d14-880f-025a15c2abbd.png?jwt=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.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.0PCbGzd9aZFaLoplNKrpvXU1kAgKk6qpO6oEQHQn6n0
Neverclick uses computer vision for UI automation, offering tools like Grid mode, Text Highlighting, and Path selection, with keyboard controls for positioning and multi-select. It runs offline, requires no continuous CPU usage, and is developed primarily by the creator with some AI assistance, featuring custom artwork and a low-resource footprint.

GC shape stenciling in Go generics

https://blob.rednafi.com/home/cover-39e2ac8de020.png
Go implements generics via GC shape stenciling, grouping types by memory layout (size, alignment, pointers) to share compiled code, reducing bloat compared to full monomorphization. It uses hidden dictionaries to retain type-specific runtime info for operations needing exact types, balancing efficiency and flexibility.

TK, or the secret to effortless writing (2024)

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Using 'TK' as a placeholder maintains writing momentum and acts as a built-in checklist, preferred over alternatives like 'TODO' or 'TC' due to its distinctiveness and minimal false positives."

Croc: Securely transfer files and folders between two computers

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/6550035/46709024-9b23ad00-cbf6-11e8-9fb2-ca8b20b7dbec.jpg
croc is a secure CLI tool for transferring files between computers using Docker and password-authenticated encryption, supporting port customization and cross-platform use on Linux/macOS. It ensures end-to-end encryption via PAKE and requires environment variables for secret sharing on non-Windows systems.

Profiling the "Abundance" housing bottleneck with real data

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The book "Abundance" argues regulatory bottlenecks ("chosen scarcity") hinder progress in housing and energy, but the user's analysis of cities like Austin and San Francisco shows mixed results. Vienna's success with public housing reveals alternative solutions, emphasizing the need to verify claims with data and consider multiple approaches.

Mystery behind Moana: After 1,700 years, why did Polynesians suddenly sail east?

https://images.theconversation.com/files/746912/original/file-20260709-57-9ghwkg.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip
The "long pause" in Polynesian migration ended around 900-1100 AD as severe droughts, population growth, and improved sailing tech spurred eastward voyages to Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island. Climate shifts and resource pressures likely drove ancestral Polynesians to explore, mirroring themes in *Moana*.

IT administrators are "fed up" with Microsoft's "useless" apps and Windows 11

https://cdn.neowin.com/news/images/uploaded/2025/09/1758082776_microsoft_logo_neowin_1_story.webp
Microsoft's recent Windows 11 updates and policies, including a major bug fix, face mixed reactions, with professionals and sysadmins criticizing buggy patches, complex tools, and flawed app management, as highlighted by strongly upvoted Reddit complaints.

Claude Code May–July 2026 weekly limits promotion

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Claude Code offers a 50% increased weekly usage limit from May 13–July 19, 2026, for Pro, Max, Team plans, and legacy Enterprise seat-based users. The promotion excludes Free plans, consumption-based Enterprise seats, and 5-hour limits, with no action required and no impact on billing.

In Praise of Exhaustive Destructuring

Rust's struct destructuring initially frustrated the user but later improved safety by forcing explicit field handling, preventing oversight during struct evolution. This practice aids maintenance in layered apps and highlights refactoring needs, unlike Haskell's current lack of such a feature.

What's the story behind the names of Cloudflare's name servers? (2013)

https://blog.cloudflare.com/_image?href=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.cloudflare.com%2F_emdash%2Fapi%2Fmedia%2Ffile%2F01KW45WTVDFV8M7RH9BZJMSK0Z.png&w=1200&h=628&f=webp&fit=cover&position=center
CloudFlare assigns unique names like Bob and Lola to DNS servers to resolve conflicts when multiple users register the same domain, ensuring accurate DNS verification. A 101st name, Woz, was added after a ninja drawing resembled Steve Wozniak, expanding combinations to 2,550.

Flash-MSA: Accelerating Million-Token Training with Sparse Attention Kernels

https://nanduruganesh.github.io/flash-msa/plot.png
The author introduces the first open-source training kernels for Minimax Sparse Attention (MSA) in CuTeDSL, optimizing block-based selection with max-pooling, GQA groups, and efficient caching for Hopper/Blackwell GPUs. Key innovations include fused backward passes, reduced register usage, and scalable CP strategies, though challenges like low occupancy and tensor-pipe bottlenecks remain.

Cottage Computer Programming (1984)

https://www.atariarchives.org/deli/paul_lutus.jpg
Paul Lutus, the "Oregon Hermit," left NASA to live in a remote cabin, where he developed Apple Writer, a groundbreaking word processor, and championed individual creativity in programming over teamwork. His self-sufficient "electronic cottage" lifestyle and the program's resilience during a lightning strike exemplify his belief in solitary innovation's power.

Firefox 12.58% for Desktop Browser Market Share in North America June 2026

https://statcounter.com/images/cat_browser_market_share_25.svg
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The State of MCP Security [pdf]

Panel meter calculator with floating point

https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TodJ!,w_140,h_140,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a790a5d-5a16-46fc-91c7-d850bf3e48b3_2000x1120.jpeg
A DIY calculator project uses electromechanical displays with acrylic panels, voltmeters, and a custom keypad, driven by an AVR128DA28 MCU for fixed-point arithmetic. The design combines vintage components, CNC-milled enclosures, and tactile switches, emphasizing practicality over analog complexity.

Autoresearch, Claude and Constrained Optimization

https://storage.ghost.io/c/ea/1d/ea1d42ce-212e-4795-993b-1716a8c550ed/content/images/2026/06/evolution.png
The user tested AI agents optimizing file compression via autonomous iterations, achieving measurable improvements but highlighting challenges like metric focus and cost. Results suggest AI-driven optimization potential, though real-world applications require careful metric selection and trade-off management.

Architecture Description Languages [pdf]

The paper addresses the lack of consensus on architecture description languages (ADLs) by defining and classifying them. It compares existing ADLs, highlighting their strengths and deficiencies to guide future research.

Show HN: Zen Mode – a global focus mode for macOS

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cabeen/zen-mode/main/screenshots/demo.gif
Zen Mode is a macOS Hammerspoon script that activates a global focus mode via a hotkey, centering the active window, hiding distractions like the Menu Bar and Dock, and fading everything else to black for undivided attention across all apps. Unlike app-specific or native full-screen modes, it maintains the window's natural width, uses a dark overlay for visual isolation, and restores the ...

The Energetic Costs of Cellular Computation (2012)

https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png
Cells expend energy to compute ligand concentrations using noisy two-component networks, with greater learning requiring higher energy costs. This energy constraint impacts resource-poor systems like bacterial spore germination networks.

Show HN: Codebase Posters – turn any Git repo into generative poster art

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unable12/codebase-posters/main/docs/posters/react-chrono-grid.png
A tool generates 18 visual posters from a Git repo's commit history, showing code additions/deletions as storms, calendars, and 2AM constellations. It creates high-res prints and MP4 animations locally, with no uploads, dependencies, or telemetry.

Show HN: Capn-hook for coding agents – don't grep the same mystery twice

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/e3f85d949fb559de94b75cfd6415946da3536432343aea3f40208fe55ba21ef4/CyrusNuevoDia/capn-hook
Capn saves coding agents' discovered codebase answers, auto-deleting outdated entries, reducing token use by 77% and rework. It integrates with Claude Code/Codex, enabling fast, accurate recall via local, disposable memory.
https://www.ginagallery.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Gina_logo_large-scaled.jpg
GINA Gallery, founded in 2003, is the world's largest international institution dedicated to Naïve Art, featuring over 100 artists from 30+ countries. Its diverse collection showcases the genre's global expressions through cultural traditions and individual artistic styles.

Small Inventors Are Being Squeezed by a Convoluted Patent Process

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The USPTO proposed PTAB reforms in 2025 to curb duplicate patent challenges by large firms, aiming to protect small inventors from costly legal battles. Over a year later, no action has been taken, raising concerns about delayed implementation of critical changes.

The European Oligarchy

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European institutions are accused of functioning as an oligarchy, manipulating democratic processes by repeatedly bending rules to enforce decisions despite public rejection, mirroring tactics criticized in foreign powers like Russia. This hypocrisy undermines true democracy, replacing citizen sovereignty with strategic rule-bending to serve elite interests.

Vinod Khosla to Buy Seattle Seahawks for $9.6B

https://www.sportico.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/seahawks-sale-close.png?w=1280&h=720&crop=1
Tech billionaire Vinod Khosla's family agreed to buy the Seattle Seahawks for $9.6B, a record valuation nearing the $10B LA Lakers deal. His wife Neeru will lead the team, with the deal adhering to NFL's strict financing rules amid rare sales and a $6.59B team valuation.

In defense of not understanding your codebase

https://www.seangoedecke.com/og-image.jpg
The author contrasts small-team full-codebase understanding with large-team partial understanding, defending the latter as necessary for complex systems. They argue Peter Naur's theory-building approach is impractical for large systems, emphasizing partial understanding and iterative improvements over complete rewrites.

Show HN: Kurvengefahr – browser CAD/CAM for pen plotters

https://kurvengefahr.org/og.png
Browser CAM for pen plotters — handwriting, text, shapes, generative art, SVG/DXF/STL import; preview the exact toolpath and plot as G-code or live over USB.

Lindsey Graham has died

Lindsey Graham, a Republican senator from South Carolina, died at 71 from aortic dissection. A Trump ally and advocate for interventionist foreign policy, he recently won re-election and received condolences from Trump.

A Speed Limit for Computers

Ivan Illich argued that excessive energy use harms equity, a principle reflected in e-bikes' legal speed limits (25 km/h) that balance access and fairness. In contrast, computing's unchecked power growth, unlike e-bikes' restrained design, exacerbates inequality and autonomy loss.

The Trade in Looted Antiquities Endures for One Reason: Demand

https://news.artnet.com/app/news-upload/2026/06/cambodia-prasat-chen-koh-ker-1024x681.jpg
In 1997, Cambodian statues were looted and sold globally, exposing a thriving illicit art market; despite repatriation efforts, ongoing conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Ukraine reveal persistent looting, demanding stricter enforcement and reduced demand for stolen artifacts.

Noto: A Typeface for the World

https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/apps/fonts/1x/catalog/v5/noto/noto_what_is_noto_light.jpg
Noto is a comprehensive font collection supporting over 1,000 languages and 150 scripts, designed to eliminate missing characters ("tofu") with harmonious, authentic styles. Developed by Google and partners, it uses Unicode/OpenType standards and is open-source under the Open Font License for global, multilingual use.

Show HN: Skillscript – A declarative, sandboxed language for tool orchestration

https://opengraph.githubassets.com/7ac76708049fb821fbc2968f4a81fa89e9e8a52739403e9529c93bc77cddb61c/sshwarts/skillscript
AI agents repeatedly re-derive tasks via costly frontier inference, causing inefficiency and inconsistency. Skillscript addresses this by enabling agents to author reusable, auditable workflows as declarative code, ensuring safe, efficient execution with static validation and structured orchestration.

The Lunduke Computer Operating System

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BryanLunduke/LCOS/master/screenshots/lcos-01-shot2.png
LCOS is a Devuan-based OS avoiding Systemd, featuring curated software like Brave Origin, and governed centrally by "The King" to prevent activist control. User interaction occurs via a subscriber-only forum, excluding public access.

Circular Obstacle Pathfinding (2017)

The A* algorithm efficiently finds optimal paths in grids and graphs, including environments with circular obstacles by generating surfing and hugging edges. It uses bitangents for surfing edges, checks line-of-sight, handles overlapping obstacles, and optimizes by filtering non-optimal cusp paths.

Nuclear war survival guide reveals seven everyday items if disaster strikes

https://i.dailymail.com/1s/2026/07/10/16/109906771-15795297-Footage_of_strikes_on_Iranian_military_positions_from_the_US_Cen-a-4_1783697476416.jpg
The US-Iran peace deal collapse reignites nuclear war fears, prompting renewed attention to Cresson Kearny's updated 2022 survival guide, which outlines seven essentials—shelter, water, food, light, clothing, documents, and radiation measurement—using everyday materials for ordinary families. Kearny emphasizes improvisation, like trench shelters and homemade radiation detectors, stressing ...

Defining new Jax types with hijax

https://docs.jax.dev/en/latest/_static/jax_logo_250px.png
A quantized array is sharded along its leading axes only. to cross that boundary, it needs one more piece of code : qrows.partition_map )) and jnp.device_put(('(i, 3))).shape == (2, 3), where x is the number of rows i see in each cell - this is how we quant

An explanation of our search results

Google's search for "Jew" yields disturbing results due to the term's sensitive, often anti-Semitic context, with algorithms prioritizing relevance. They clarify results aren't endorsed, can't be influenced by petitions, and suggest alternative terms for better outcomes.

How to build a circular LCD clock

https://blinry.org/lcd-clock/all.jpg
Built a 7-inch LCD wall clock with Raspberry Pi 3B+, featuring multi-touch, custom clock faces, and software-controlled brightness. Used HDMI/USB for connectivity, resolved power issues with official Pi supply, and added Swiss railway clock functionality with automatic day/night dimming.

I trained a 113M-parameter earthquake LLM from absolute scratch

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jiazhe868/nanogpt-seis/main/assets/training_dynamics.png
Gqa_gpt.py trains a small gpt for earthquake science. code is based on unpaywall, which maps dois to legal open-access copies of papers - and it is what it ships with. the code uses np.encode_batch to encode the corpus and writes one flat array of token ids per split, documents separated by the eot uint16

Dense Arena Interning: The Engine of Compiler Performance

Compilers repeatedly check identifiers across phases, slowing performance. A Dense Arena Interner converts strings to unique dense IDs upfront via a hash map and arena allocator, enabling O(1) array indexing and pointer comparisons for fast, memory-efficient symbol resolution in later stages.